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Objective The cathodoluminescence （CL） characteristics of carbonate minerals are closely related to their major/trace and rare earth element （REE） contents. Existing studies primarily focus on the effects of Mn and Fe on CL， often neglecting the role of REEs. This study aims to investigate the influence of major/trace and rare earth elements on the CL characteristics of carbonate minerals， thereby providing geological evidence for inferring mineral genesis， depositional environments， and diagenetic processes. Methods CL and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） were used to test carbonate rock samples from the Lower and Middle Ordovician on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin. Statistical methods and classification algorithms were applied to analyze the test data， and common REE indicators were used to evaluate the properties of diagenetic fluids. Results The study reveals that matrix dolomite exhibits weak to moderate red luminescence under CL， with both zoned and uniform luminescence. Dolomite cements， with high Mn and Fe contents， are often zoned or non-luminescent. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference （HSD） post-hoc tests indicate that Fe， Mn， La， Ce， Pr， Nd， Sm， Eu， Gd， and Tb contents， and the Fe/Mn value significantly influence the CL of carbonate minerals. Non-luminescent and strongly luminescent groups are relatively easy to distinguish： non-luminescent minerals have Fe contents greater than 10，000×10-6 or Mn contents less than 40×10-6 . Additionally， the non-luminescent group with Fe contents over 10，000×10-6 displays REE distribution patterns enriched in Middle Rare Earth Elements （MREE）， whereas the strongly luminescent group shows Light Rare Earth Elements （LREE） depletion and low Fe/Mn values. Using comprehensive dimensionality-reduced parameters of major/trace elements and REEs， in conjunction with Mn content， effectively distinguishes the extremely weakly luminescent， weakly luminescent， and moderately luminescent groups. The nature of diagenetic fluids during diagenesis impacts carbonate sediment composition， mineral content， and major/trace element and REE variations， directly influencing carbonate mineral CL. Conclusions By combining in situ major/trace element testing with various data processing methods， this study provides a more quantitative understanding of the impact of major/trace element and REE contents on CL intensity. These findings offer valuable insights for scholars studying the factors affecting CL.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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