Significance Climate plays an important role in controlling marine organic carbon enrichment， but relevant studies have primarily focused on the mechanism of organic carbon enrichment under high insolation and a warm humid climate， summarized the relationship between organic-rich basin sedimentation and astronomical cycle， and have rarely involved the development mechanism of marine source rocks during deglaciation. Several sets of marine source rocks were deposited during the deglaciation of Proterozoic and Paleozoic in China. Studying and summarizing the mechanism of climate on organic carbon enrichment in basins during deglaciation is helpful for establishing a coupling relationship model between different climatic conditions and organic matter abundance from the perspective of Earth system. Progress Research has found that the main source rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic corresponding to large oil and gas fields in China were developed in the greenhouse climate period of middle and high latitudes， whereas the main source rocks of Proterozoic and Paleozoic were mainly developed in deglaciation of middle and low latitudes. Abundant dating data indicate that the source rocks of the deglaciation period were distributed in the Neoproterozoic， Ediacaran-Cambrian transition， Ordovician-Silurian transition， and Permian. The source rock of the second member of the Doushantuo Formation in the Neoproterozoic was formed after the Nantuo glaciation. The Yurtus Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation of the early Cambrian were formed in the cold stage of the early Cambrian， after the North China Luoquan and Ediacaran glaciations. The Longmaxi Formation of the Early Silurian was formed after the Hernant glaciation. The Chihsian Formation of the Middle Permian was formed after the Late Paleozoic global ice age. Through the study of the paleoenvironment， paleoclimate， and productivity of source rocks in each periods， it is found that the unique climatic conditions in the deglaciation period played an important role in the organic carbon enrichment of marine source rocks. High temperatures and humidity in the middle and low latitudes， and high insolation corresponding to high obliquity during the deglaciation favor biological growth， reproduction， and organic carbon enrichment. Glacial meltwater input during deglaciation can cause transgression and import nutrients to the ocean. The chemical index of alteration （CIA） values， which rise sharply and fluctuate significantly between 50 and 90 in each period， reflect the warming and unstable climate characteristics during the deglaciation， corresponding to enhanced chemical and freeze-thaw weathering， leading to increased terrestrial nutrient input and productivity enhancement. During the initial stages of ice melting， strong equator-polar temperature differences and sea surface wind lead to intense upwelling， increasing surface water primary productivity， whereas surface biological blooms and oxygen consumption create a reducing environment conducive to organic matter preservation. Volcanism is more intense during interglacial deglaciation， the input of nutrients from volcanic eruptions increases the productivity of the marine surface， and the input of reducing substances improves the preservation conditions of organic matter. Conclusions and Prospects Under the control of Milankovitch cycles， high insolation， warming， and fluctuating climate lead to enhanced rock weathering， extensive marine transgression， intense upwelling， and frequent volcanism， collectively resulting in increased water productivity and anoxic reduction during deglaciation， thereby promoting organic carbon enrichment and source rock formation. This relationship model between climate and source rock formation during deglaciation reflects the control of the ocean-land-atmosphere earth system on organic carbon enrichment under the control of climate cycles. In the future， combining climate simulations and quantitative calculations， certain predictions can be made regarding the distribution of large shale oil and gas fields.