No-till reseeding is one of the important measures for restoring degraded grassland， and whether the replanted grass species can grow and settle in the native vegetation community is the key to the success of no-till reseeding in degraded grassland. In order to clarify the effects of fertilization and compaction measures on the growth of no-tillage reseeding grasses， grass community characteristics and biodiversity， three no-tillage reseeding modes， five fertilizer combinations and two compaction treatments were set up in this study. The results showed that， compared with the control treatment， the nitrogen and phosphorus treatments had a significant effect on the characteristics of grass communities in the three replanting modes， in which the height of grass communities increased by 23.91%-43.43%， the cover increased by 7.07%-15.21%， and the density and biomass increased by 15.74%-51.94% and 17.57%-36.78%， respectively， but there was no significant effect on the diversity of grass communitie.Compared to the single-species supplemented grassland of alfalfa and awnless sparrow. The vegetation cover and density of the simultaneously supplemented grassland of alfalfa and awnless sparrow significantly increased by 3.01%-3.89%， 6.45%-15.90%， and the diversity indices of grassland， such as Simpson’s index of dominance， Shannon-Wiener’s index， and Pielou’s index of evenness， increased by 3.65%-9.70%， 5.02%-9.38% and 2.89%-8.97%. The average plant height， cover， density and biomass of the grass community compaction after no-till reseeding increased by 6.44%， 0.76%， 3.07% and 11.37%， respectively， compared with that of the no-suppression treatment. Considering all the factors， the measures of replanting alfalfa and awnless triticale in degraded grassland， adding nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients， and suppressing treatment can improve the productivity and restore the ecological function of the grassland.

To investigate the effects of reseeding patterns on soil nutrients and enzyme stoichiometry of degraded grasslands， a study was conducted in the Dushan of Guizhou， China， using a degraded grassland （CK） as the control. Two reseeding treatments were established： oat （Avena sativa L.） + ryegrass （Lolium perenne L.） （AL） and oat + ryegrass + clover （Trifolium L.） （ALT）. The results showed that both AL and ALT significantly increased the contents of organic carbon， total nitrogen， and available phosphorus in the 0~10 cm soil layer， with increasing by 42.66% and 57.29%， 75.54% and 116.30%， and 90.78% and 155.59%， respectively. Under the ALT treatment， the C/N ratio in the 0-10 cm soil layer significantly decreased， while the N/P ratio increased， alleviating soil nitrogen deficiency. The activities of β-1，4-glucosidase and β-1，4-N-acetylglucosaminidase significantly increased by 182.21% and 186.85%， respectively， with a higher increase than that in the AL treatment. ALT significantly increased the enzyme vector length in the 0~10 cm soil layer， intensifying microbial carbon limitation. Correlation analysis indicated that extracellular enzyme activities were mainly regulated by the combined effects of total nitrogen and organic carbon. In conclusion， the ALT reseeding pattern could effectively improve soil organic carbon and available nutrients， alleviate nitrogen deficiency， and enhance soil enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen cycling in degraded grasslands in this region. However， it also strengthened the carbon limitation of surface soil microorganisms.

Glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） play an important role in the regulation of plants against stressful environments， but the systematic studies on Ramie were lack. In this paper， a total of 43 BnGSTs gene families were identified by bioinformatic analyses， most of which were predicted to be located in the cytoplasm and belonged to the plant-specific Tau and Phi class. Inter-species covariance analysis revealed that BnGSTs genes represented more orthologous genes in dicots than monocots； intra-species covariance analysis revealed that there were five pairs of paralogous genes among BnGSTs， all of which were derived from the whole genome or fragmentary gene duplication， and all of them were found that Ka/Ks ratios were less than 1， indicating that they were subjected to purifying selection. Cis-acting element prediction revealed that the upstream of these BnGSTs genes was rich in light-responsive， phytohormone-regulated and stress-responsive elements combined with transcriptome expression data， nine tissue-specific candidate genes were screened with significant （P<0.05） changes on expression patterns in roots， stems and leaves under cadmium stress. Two genes， BnGST22 and BnGST12， were identified as having significant up-regulation and high relative expression， which could be used as target genes for further functional verification. This study further enriched the functional gene pool of ramie and provided a theoretical basis for the use of anti-stress resources and variety selection.

Haloxylon ammodendrom is an excellent tree species in northwest China for windproof/prevention， sand fixation， and ecological balance protection. However， the dry climate and high summer temperatures in the arid desert areas of northwest China severely affect the growth and development of H. ammodendrom seedlings. To explore the suitable planting methods for the growth of the seedlings， this study used 1-year-old H. ammodendron seedlings as experimental subjects and set up 5 different doses of super absorbent polymers （0 g， 1， 2， 3， 4 g） and 4 planting depths （20， 40， 60， 80 cm） for combination treatments. The changes in stomatal morphology and anatomical structure of H.ammodendron after different planting treatments were studied. The results showed that with the increase of water retaining agent dosage and planting depth， the stomatal length， stomatal width， stomatal area， and thickness of various anatomical structures of the seedlings showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The pore density shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Stomatal length， stomatal width， stomatal area， diameter of assimilating branch， stratum corneum， palisade tissue， water storage tissue， vascular column thickness， and duct aperture were all the largest， while stomatal density was the smallest when treated with 3g super absorbent polymer and 60cm planting depth. The application of suitable planting treatments can create a better growth environment for H. ammodendron. When facing environmental stress， it can improve plant stress resistance and effectively alleviate the impact of stress on plants.

Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is a major pest seriously threatens forestry and grassland ecosystems， with its egg diapause being a critical factor for overwinter survival and population outbreaks. In this study we investigated the molecular response mechanisms of egg diapause release in C. kiangsu by applying different low temperatures （3℃ and 8℃） to the diapausing eggs and combining with transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the diapause release effect was closely related to the duration and temperature of low-temperature treatment， with a 60-day period being a critical turning point for shortened hatching and increased hatching rates. Hatching rates were significantly higher at 8℃ compared to 3℃. Transcriptome analysis revealed that compared to the 25℃ control group， 3℃ and 8℃ treatments identified 9730 and 6075 differentially expressed genes （FDR 0.05， |log₂FC| 1）， respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in metabolic processes， including arginine metabolism， proline metabolism， and insect hormone biosynthesis， and stress responses， including FOXO signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Key genes such as ADAMTSL4， ALDH16A1， and foxo were identified， which regulate metabolic processes and developmental progression under low-temperature stress. These findings demonstrate novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of diapause release and highlight the potential for developing new green control targets for managing this pest.

To investigate the biological effects of low-dose ⁶⁰Co-γ radiation on three Phalaris arundinacea resources and differentiate their radiation tolerance， their rhizomes with bud point （parental generation） were irradiated with 10 Gy of ⁶⁰Co-γ rays. The effects on seed germination and seedling physiological-biochemical characteristics of the first filial generation （M₁） were examined. The results demonstrated that radiation significantly suppressed germination rate， germination potential， and germination index of all three resources. Physiological analysis revealed chlorophyll and soluble sugar content in Phalaris arundinacea 3 significantly increased （P<0.05）， but peroxidase （POD） activity decreased. For Phalaris arundinacea 2， chlorophyll， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， and POD activity reduced， and soluble protein and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity elevated. For Phalaris arundinacea 1， soluble sugar and soluble protein content markedly decreased. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between germination parameters and photosynthetic pigments. Principal component analysis yielded consistent findings with correlation results. The low-dose radiation tolerance hierarchy established by subordinate function analysis was Phalaris arundinacea 3>Phalaris arundinacea 1>Phalaris arundinacea 2.

The exploration of the mutual relationships between soil microorganisms and different types of forages in desert steppes is crucial for maintaining and restoring desert steppe ecosystems. In this study， perennial forages [Stipa breviflora Griseb， S. glareosa P. Smirn， S. krylovii， Cleistogenes songorica （Roshev） Ohwi] and annual forage [Neopallasia pectinata （Pall） Poljak] in desert steppes were taken as the research objects to analyze the enhancement effects of soil microbial concentration on different species of forages. The results showed that： （1） Soil microbial concentration exerted a neutral effect on the growth of perennial forags， mainly due to the mutual offset between the negative effects of bacteria Sphingomonas and fungi Dominikia and the positive effects of bacteria norank_f_Longimicrobiaceae and fungi Rhizophlyctis on their growth. （2） Soil microbial concentration exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth of annual forage Neopallasia pectinata， and this effect intensified with the increase in microbial quantity. Soil microbial α diversity， Gemmatimonadaceae， Coprinopsis， Fusarium in rhizospheric soil， and Rubrobacter， Peziza in non-rhizospheric soil all showed inhibitory effects on its growth （P<0.05）. The analysis of key microbial groups provides a theoretical basis for subsequent related microbial studies， so as to enhance the growth stability of forages in desert steppes.

To elucidate the responses of organic acids secreted by the roots of Thinopyrum ponticum under salt stress and their interactions with root traits and rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties， a controlled experiment with four salinity treatments was established： control， mild， moderate and severe salt stress （with soil salt contents of 0%， 0.2%， 0.4%， and 0.6% w/w， respectively）. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to analyze relative abundance variations and regulatory mechanisms of organic acids in root exudates. The results demonstrated that salt stress significantly decreased the secretion of organic acids including 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid， succinic acid， homogentisic acid， phenylpyruvic acid and indolelactic acid （P<0.05）， while significantly enhancing the secretion of phenoxyacetic acid （P<0.05）. However， no significant effects on the secretion of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and shikimic acid. Principal coordinate analysis （PCoA） revealed significant differences in root-secreted organic acid profiles between control and salt-stressed treatments （mild， moderate and severe salinity） （P<0.05）. Correlation analysis demonstrated that soil salinity， electrical conductivity， water content， and pH were key determinants influencing root organic acid secretion. Path analysis further revealed that salt stress promoted phenoxyacetic acid secretion through soil salinization-mediated suppression of root morphological traits. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth analysis of the physiological mechanisms of plant salt tolerance.

To investigate the physicochemical properties and stability of soil aggregates and their relationships under different saline-alkali gradients in the coastal saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta， this study combined field sampling with laboratory analysis to determine the nutrient content， particle size distribution， and stability indicators of soil aggregates across varying gradients. The results showed that under severe saline-alkali conditions， the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio， ammonium nitrogen， and available phosphorus content in <0.25 mm aggregates significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Similarly， nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content in 1-2 mm aggregates were also significantly lower under high salinity stress （P<0.05）. The geometric mean diameter and mean weight diameter of aggregates significantly reduced in severe saline-alkali conditions compared to moderate conditions （P<0.05）， while the proportion of 1-2 mm aggregates increased with increasing salinity. Correlation analysis revealed that salinity was significantly negatively correlated with total carbon and total nitrogen across all aggregate sizes （P<0.01）， and significantly positively correlated with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio （P<0.01）. Under high saline-alkali conditions， available phosphorus， ammonium nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， and aggregate stability indicators were all significantly negatively correlated with salt content （P<0.01）. In conclusion， the degree of saline-alkali stress significantly influenced the physicochemical properties and structural stability of soil aggregates， with high salinity potentially leading to nutrient loss and structural degradation.

Under the context of global change， plant invasion events have become more frequent and widespread. Rainfall and light are important ecological factors that affect the adaptation and dispersal of invasive plants. Cenchrus spinifex， a major invasive plant in the Horqin Sandy Land China， has expanded its invasion area in recent years， posing significant threats to local biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Understanding its invasion and adaptation mechanisms is crucial for devising effective control strategies. In this study， we established an in situ field experiment by using pipe cultivation to explore the functional traits of Cenchrus spinifex under three treatments： increased rainfall， reduced rainfall， shading， and a control （CK） group. The results revealed that both increased rainfall and reduced rainfall significantly enhanced plant heigh. increased rainfall increased branching， the number of reproductive branches， spiny burs， leaf biomass， and leaf contribution ratio significantly. Reduced rainfall promoted tiller number， total root length， root contribution ratio， and spiny bur contribution ratio significantly. In contrast， shading significantly reduced crown width， spiny bur number， total root length， and biomass of all organs. These findings indicate that Cenchrus spinifex adapts to variations in rainfall and light availability by modulating plant architecture， biomass of organ and biomass allocation. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the invasion and adaptation mechanisms of Cenchrus spinifex under the background of climate change， and to provide reference for predicting its suitable or spreading areas.