Latest ArticlesMolecular glues (MGs) represent a promising approach in protein regulation, especially for "undruggable" targets. Despite the advantages over traditional protein inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), MGs show various off-target effects, inducing general toxicities in patients. Herein, we describe a structure-guided design of visible-light photocaged MGs (vc-MGs), which precisely and spatiotemporally control the G1 to S phase transition 1 (GSPT1) protein level and Burkitt's lymphoma through visible-light irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, activated VL-MG-9 showed a potent antitumor effect in the RAMOS xenograft mouse model, while VL-MG-9 alone has no GSPT1 degradation activity or general toxicity in various organs even at high dose. Furthermore, proteomics assay and apoptosis analysis confirmed the selectivity and safety of VL-MG-9. Significantly, pharmacokinetic results demonstrated the enhanced permeability and bioavailability (F%) of VL-MG-9. These data clearly reveal the practicality and importance of vc-MGs as preliminary tool for the targeted therapy of malignancies with reduced systemic toxicity and improved druggability.
Hydrogen-bonded frameworks (HOFs) are attracting interest for industrial and environmental applications. This review emphasizes recent developments in HOFs, concentrating on their structural characteristics, types of hydrogen bonding, and the connections that affect their mechanical properties and environmental responsiveness. It highlights hinge-like flexibility, rigidity, and framework retention, which enhance adaptability and structural integrity while trapping gases. A proposed mechanism for the selective adsorption of noble gases and light hydrocarbons emphasizes their potential in gas storage and environmental remediation. Overall, HOFs are presented as versatile materials ready to tackle emerging industrial challenges.
The visible light photocatalytic gem‑carboamination reactions of α-diazo esters by using o-hydroxyaryl enaminones and amines as reaction partners have been realized, leading to the straightforward synthesis of chromone derived α-amino esters which could be easily hydrolyzed to functionalized α-amino acids. The reactions mediated by molecular iodine proceed via free radical pathway under metal-free conditions. Unlike the conventional carbene-based functionalization of diazo compounds involving nucleophilic/electrophilic or two electron neutral groups, the current protocol allows the installation of two nucleophilic functional structures to the carbon center, providing practical new tool for the synthesis of amino acids.
The stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-galacturonic acid and 2-amino-2-deoxy-galacturonic acid glycosides remains a critical challenge in carbohydrate chemistry owing to the electronic and steric effects imposed by the C5-carboxyl group and C2 substituents. The available synthetic strategies can be divided into two divergent pathways: the construction of the glycan backbone before introducing the carboxyl group and the use of pre-formed uronic acid donors during glycosylation. Key advances include the use of remotely participating acyl groups, conformational control via 3,6-lactone intermediates, chelation-directed anomerisation and steric shielding by bulky protecting groups such as 4,6-O-di-tert-butylsilylene and 4,6-O-benzylidene. This review comprehensively overviews the current strategies that overcome stereo-chemical challenges in the synthesis of 1,2-cis-galacturonic and aminogalacturonic acid–containing glycans. In addition, the application of these methodologies to the synthesis of biologically relevant carbohydrates is examined.
The unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) characterized by sluggish ion transport kinetics and consecutive side reactions poses a major challenge to the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as a multifunctional electrolyte additive is reported to construct stable and highly ion-conductive SEI. PFPN decomposes preferentially to form the NaF, Na3N-rich SEI with fast Na+ migration kinetics due to its low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy and strong adsorption on hard carbon (HC) anode. Meanwhile, the incorporation of PFPN effectively suppresses exothermic reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway. As expected, the HCNa cell with PFPN additive demonstrates homogeneous sodium deposition on HC anode and delivers a high reversible capacity of 248.5 mAh/g with negligible capacity decay after 1000 cycles at 0.1 A/g. The NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2 (NFM)HC full cell also yields enhanced cycling stability under -20 ℃. This study proposes a simple and effective SEI regulation strategy for high-performance and safe SIBs.
A homogeneous dual catalytic system that synergistically merges photochemical and halogen-bond catalysis has been developed for the radical sulfonylation-annulation of (hetero)arene-tethered alkynes and alkenes with RSO2Cl. This protocol efficiently constructs a variety of sulfonylated fused-(hetero)arenes with good functional group compatibility under mild and eco-friendly conditions. The process is initiated by halogen-bond activation of RSO2Cl, which facilitates subsequent photocatalyzed heterolytic S-Cl cleavage via a SET pathway to generate RSO2 radicals; an alternative EnT pathway for radical generation was also identified.
Despite the enormous potential of heteroatom-doped carbon materials for sodium storage applications, direct doping strategies still face two critical unresolved challenges: Elucidating the modulation mechanism of heteroatom doping on the hybrid energy storage behavior of sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs), and maintaining structural integrity while achieving high sulfur-nitrogen (S, N) co-doping levels. Herein, we report a facile and controllable synthetic approach for preparing highly S, N co-doped porous carbon (denoted as SNGN-1), using sodium gallate, pre-synthesized via the neutralization reaction of gallic acid with sodium hydroxide, as the precursor. The as-fabricated SNGN-1 possesses a high nitrogen content of 4.02 at% and a sulfur content of 1.31 at%, coupled with abundant structural defects, a large specific surface area, superior electronic conductivity, exceptional sodium storage capability and robust cycling stability. Computational results demonstrate that the Na+ adsorption energy (Ead) of SNGN-1 is -1.936 eV, corresponding to a substantial increase in the absolute value relative to its undoped counterpart; additionally, the incorporation of heteroatoms leads to a marked intensification of the valence and conduction band peaks near the Fermi level. When employed as the anode for sodium-ion half-cells, SNGN-1 delivers a high reversible capacity of 585 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and retains stable cycling performance even after 1000 cycles at 2 A/g. More impressively, the SIHC device assembled with SNGN-1 as the anode achieves remarkable energy/power density metrics, delivering a high energy density of 165.2 Wh/kg at a power density of 218.6 W/kg. These findings highlight the great potential of SNGN-1 as a high-performance anode material for advanced sodium-ion batteries and SIHCs, thereby paving the way for the development of next-generation low-cost energy storage systems.
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The properties of cathode materials are vital for the further development of AZIBs. Graphene-based composite materials have emerged as promising cathode materials for AZIBs on account of their superior electrical conductivity and excellent electrochemical performance. Considering the rapidly progress of graphene-based composites, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress in the applications of graphene-based composites as the cathode in AZIBs. Furthermore, the relationships between their synthetic methods, nano- and microstructures, and electrochemical performance are systematically concluded and discussed. Finally, rational suggestions and prospects for the future development of graphene-based composites are also proposed.
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