Latest ArticlesAs a kind of microplasma sustained in air, solution electrode glow discharge (SEGD) ignited between the liquid electrode and metal electrode is attractive to the fields of optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry due to its unique advantages, such as low power consumption and low carrier gas consumption. Moreover, the complex and efficient reactions in the liquid phase and plasma phase of SEGD make it considerable research potential in the fields of biology and medicine, material synthesis, electrochemistry. Considering the close relationship between the various fields on SEGD, here we are devoted to provide an overview of the development of SEGD in various fields. More importantly, a systematic discussion on the discharge mechanism is conducted based on the research process in various fields for getting deeper insight into the SEGD.
Carbonaceous materials can accelerate extracellular electron transfer for the biotransformation of many recalcitrant, redox-sensitive contaminants and have received considerable attention in fields related to anaerobic bioremediation. As important electron shuttles (ESs), carbonaceous materials effectively participate in redox biotransformation processes, especially microbially-driven Fe reduction or oxidation coupled with pollutions transformation and anaerobic fermentation for energy and by-product recovery. The related bioprocesses are reviewed here to show that carbonaceous ESs can facilitate electron transfer between microbes and extracellular substrates. The classification and characteristics of carbon-containing ESs are summarized, with an emphasis on activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon-based immobilized mediators. The influencing factors, including carbon material properties (redox potential, electron transfer capability and solubility) and environmental factors (temperature, pH, substrate concentration and microbial species), on pollution catalytic efficiency are discussed. Furthermore, we briefly describe the prospects of carbonaceous ESs in the field of microbial-driven environmental remediation.
Numerous strategies for linking desired chemical probes with target peptides and proteins have been developed and applied in the field of biological chemistry. Approaches for site-specific modification of native amino acid residues in test tubes and biological contexts represent novel biological tools for understanding the role of peptides and proteins. Selective N-terminal modification strategies have been broadly studied especially in the last 10 years, as N-terminal positions are typically solvent exposed and provide chemically distinct sites for many peptide and protein targets, making N terminus distinct from other functional groups. A growing number of chemical and enzymatic techniques have been developed to modify N-terminal amino acids, and those techniques have the potential in the fields of medicine, basic research and applied materials science. This review focuses on appraising modification methodologies with the potential for biological applications from the past 10 years.
Over the last decade, numerous research efforts have been devoted to pillar [n]arenes since their debut. The popularity of pillararenes is a reflection of current research trend in supramolecular and macrocyclic chemistry in general. Among the vast applications (such as chemosensors, drug delivery, transmembrance channels, and separation) of pillararenes, their utilization in catalysis is a relatively less explored area. However, soaring attention has been paid by researchers in recent years and this field has seen gradual increasing publications. Therefore, in this review we will discuss progress in the emerging applications of pillararene architectures in catalysis based on various reaction genre including reduction, oxidation, coupling, decomposition and others. Furthermore, this review not only focuses on the pillararenes based current progress in catalysis, but also provides the signs for future development in this research field.
Sulfur-containing organic compounds display wide applications in the field of materials science, synthetic chemistry, and pharmaceutical industry. Thus, numerous synthetic strategies have been developed for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds in synthetic chemistry. In recent years, the utilization of sulfinic acids as versatile synthons has emerged as attractive and powerful approach to access various organosulfur compounds through sulfonylation, sulfinylation or sulfenylation reactions. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the construction of various sulfur-containing compounds from sulfininc acids. Selected examples of substrates and the related reaction mechanisms are described here. This review intends to provide readers a comprehensive understanding on the synthesis of sulfur-containing molecules from sulfinic acids and provide help for future synthetic research.
The typical aza-BODIPYs in the dye family are known for bright fluorescence, excellent stability, and tunable absorption wavelengths. Hence, these dyes are attracting the increasing attention. Aza-BODIPYs having the maxima absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region (650–900 nm) are very favorable for bioimaging in vivo due to the less photo-damage, deeper tissue penetration, and less interference from background auto-fluorescence by biomolecules in the living systems. Many strategies have been employed to modify the structures of the aza-BODIPY core to provide the NIR absorbing dyes. Among these, the most effective method is the fusion of the aromatic rings in aza-BODIPY system. This review allsidedly summarizes the recent development of ring-fused aza-BODIPY dyes (λabs > 700 nm) focusing on the design, synthesis, and potential applications in the NIR region since 2002.
Small molecule donor/polymer acceptor (SD/PA)-type organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to the continuing power conversion efficiency (PCE) growth, near 10%, and the excellent thermal stability for the practical applications. However, the development of SD/PA-type OSCs lags far behind that of polymer donor/small molecule acceptor (PD/SA)-type OSCs, which are also based on the combination of small molecule and polymer, with the PCEs exceeding 18%. The reasons accounting for this great gap are well worth exploring. In this review, we have analyzed the key factors affecting the photovoltaic performances of SD/PA-type OSCs, systematically summarized the research progress of SD/PA type OSCs in recent years, and put forward our own views on the future development of SD/PA type OSCs.
As an essential part in the toolbox of super-resolution microscopy, stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy has been widely explored in revealing the substructure and bioactivities in fluorescence imaging. Among the applied STED fluorophores, silicon-substituted rhodamines (SiRs) belong to one of the most extensively employed fluorophores. The carboxy-SiR was favored in STED bioimaging with many advantages, including reliable photostability, cell permeability, tunable fluorogenicity, feasible structural decoration and so on. We reviewed the research of carboxy-SiR in the STED nanoscopy and hopefully this can inspire more efforts in the design and application of STED fluorophores.
Li metal anodes (LMAs) has attracted extensive research interest because of its extremely high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh/g) at low redox potential (−3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). However, the extremely high chemical reactivity and the intrinsic "hostless" nature of LMAs bring about serious dendritic growth and dramatic volume change during the plating/strapping process, thus resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency, short lifespan, and severe safety concerns. Of various strategies, the construction of three-dimensional carbonaceous scaffolds for LMAs can substantially reduce the local current density, inhibit Li dendrite growth, and accommodate volume variation. Electrospinning is a simple yet effective strategy to fabricate carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which have been regarded as promising skeletons for LMAs, owing to their large surface areas, good electrical conductivity, and high porosity. In this Mini Review, we briefly introduce the fabrication of CNFs using electrospinning and the modification of CNFs. We highlight the recent advances in electrospun CNF skeletons for LMAs, including pure CNF and CNF-based composite scaffolds. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges of electrospun CNF scaffolds for LMAs and provide possible solutions to push forward the advancement in this field.
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive attention in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices attributed to their unique electronic structures and physical properties. The application of strain is a simple and effective strategy to change the lattice structure of 2D materials thus modulating their physical properties, which further facilitate their applications in carrier mobility transistor, magnetic sensor, single-photon emitter etc. In this short review, we focus on the strain applied via substrate engineering. Firstly, the relationship between the strain and physical properties has been summarized. Secondly, the methods for achieving substrate engineering-induced strain have been demonstrated. Finally, the latest applications of strained 2D materials have been introduced. In addition, the future challenges and development prospects of strain-modulated 2D materials have also been proposed.
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