Latest ArticlesThe analysis of endogenous glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids is of great importance for screening and discovering disease biomarkers with clinical significance. However, the presence of interfering substances makes the direct quantitative detection of low-abundance glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids one of the great challenges in analytical chemistry. Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) has the advantages of easy preparation, low cost and good magnetic responsiveness. Magnetic adsorbents are the core of MSPE technology, and magnetic adsorbents based on different functional materials are widely used in the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids, making it possible to analyze glycoproteins and glycopeptides with low abundance as well as multiple types, which provides a technical platform for screening and evaluating glycoproteins and glycopeptides in body fluids as disease biomarkers. In this paper, we focus on the recent advances in the application of MSPE technology and magnetic adsorbents for the separation and enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids, and the future trends and application prospects in this field are also presented.
The aerobic, selective oxidation of hydrocarbons via C-H bond activation is still a challenge. This work shows the achievement of the room temperature visible light driven photocatalytic activation of benzylic C-H bonds with N-hydroxysuccinimide over BiOBrxI1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solutions, whose valance bands were engineered through varying the ratio of bromide to iodide. The optimal BiOBr0.85I0.15 catalyst exhibited over 98% conversion ratio of ethylbenzene, which was about 3.9 and 8.9 times that of pure BiOBr and BiOI, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic activity of BiOBr0.85I0.15 solid solution can be ascribed to the orbital hybridization of the valence band containing both Br 4p and I 5p orbitals, which could promote photo-induced charge carrier separation and improve the generation of singlet oxygen. This work shed some light on the rational design of photocatalysts for targeted organic transformation.
Zinc metal has aroused increasing interest as anode material of Zn-based batteries for their energy storage application. However, the uneven Zn stripping/plating processes induce severe dendrite growth, leading to low Coulombic efficiency and safety hazards. Herein, a surface-tuned two-dimensional (2D) MXene Ti3C2T scaffold as a robust skeleton is developed to facilitate the uniform Zn stripping/plating. The Ti3C2T with high electrical conductivity and unique structure provides fast ionic-transport paths, promising even Zn2+ stripping/plating processes. With suppressed Zn dendrite growth and uniform nucleation, the proposed 2D Ti3C2T scaffold for Zn metal anode delivers a low voltage hysteresis of 63 mV and long lifespan over 280 h. This surface-tuned engineering strategy demonstrates the potential application of Zn anode with MXene skeleton for next-generation Zn-based batteries.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with porous crystal structures have attracted extensive attention in application of energy storage and conversion, owing to their regularity, porosity, large specific surface area, etc. In this work, Co-MOF-74 microflower has been successfully prepared via a controllable solvent regulation strategy. Through modulating the polarity of the solvent, crystals grow in certain preferred orientation and Co-MOF-74 with various morphologies were obtained. Thereinto, the energy storage performance of Co-MOF-74 microflower was measured in both three-electrode system and asymmetric supercapacitor device (specific capacitance of 164.2 F/g at 0.5 A/g in the three-electrode system and 62.5 F/g at 1 A/g in the asymmetric supercapacitor device). This can be attributed to the preferred crystal orientation resulting in a regular and uniform microflower, which is of great significance to electronic interfacial exchange and ion transfer during electrochemical reactions.
Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative C-H alkylation of cyclic aldimines with abundant aliphatic carboxylic acids has been realized under mild reaction conditions generating the corresponding products in moderate to good yields (32%-91%). In addition, a gram-scale reaction, late-stage modification of drug, synthetic transformation of the product, and further application of the catalytic strategy were also performed. Preliminary studies indicate that the reaction undergoes a radical process.
As a novel wastewater treatment strategy, the intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) has been attracted attention, which is ascribed to its combination of the advantages of photocatalytic reactions and biological treatment. The selection of carriers is important since it affects the stability of the system and the removal efficiency of pollutants. In this study, a novel ICPB system was successfully constructed by loading photocatalytic materials (i.e., TiO2, N-TiO2, and Ag-TiO2) and microbes onto non-woven cotton fabric. The photocatalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This system exhibited good performance in degrading tetracycline (TC) in water. The results showed that Ag-TiO2-ICPB had the maximum removal efficiency of tetracycline (94.7%) in 5 h, which was 16.5% higher than the photocatalysis alone. After five cycles, 82.9% of tetracycline could be still degraded through Ag-TiO2-ICPB. SEM spectrum showed microbes on the material changed little before and after the reactions. This result implied the materials were stable, and then beneficial for degrading of pollutants continuously. The intermediates were detected through ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) and the plausible degradation pathways were proposed. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis showed OH and O2− were the main reactive oxygen species for TC degradation. In conclusion, the ICPB system with non-woven cotton fabric as a carrier has certain application prospects for antibiotic-containing wastewater.
Carbon dots (CDs) have opened up a new field of carbon nanomaterials and successively attracted increasing attention since their discovery in 2004. Owing to their ultrasmall size, tunable surface functional groups, excellent dispersibility, attractive stability, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, facile synthesis and low-cost precursors, CDs have been developed as green and promising friction-reducing and anti-wear materials in lubrication science, applied to energy conservation and extension of mechanical service life in recent years. However, there are few reviews focusing on the application of CDs in the important field of lubrication. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the development of CDs in lubrication for the first time. Firstly, three strategies for structural engineering design of CDs to improve their tribological characteristics are fully analyzed, in terms of size and shape control, surface modification and heteroatom doping. Secondly, the advance in lubrication application of CDs, including CDs as additives for lubricants, greases, gel and magnetorheological fluids as well as CDs as lubricating coatings, is systematically highlighted. Thirdly, the lubricating mechanisms of CDs as additives are introduced in detail. Furthermore, the remaining major challenges and opportunities for CDs in lubrication field are discussed and outlined.
Substituent effect of metal porphyrin molecular catalysts plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic activity of oxygen electrocatalysis. Herein, substituent position effect of Co porphyrins on oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), was investigated. Two Co porphyrins, namely 2, 4, 6-OMe-CoP and 3, 4, 5-OMe-CoP, were selected as the research objects. The ORR and OER performance was evaluated by drop-coating molecular catalysts on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The resulted 3, 4, 5-OMe-CoP/CNT exhibited high bifunctional electrocatalytic activities and better long-term stability for both ORR and OER than 2, 4, 6-OMe-CoP/CNT. Furthermore, when applied in the Zn-air battery, 3, 4, 5-OMe-CoP/CNT exhibited comparable performance to that with precious metal-based materials. The enhanced catalytic activity may be attributed to the improved charge transfer rate, mass transfer and hydrophilicity. This work provides an effective strategy to further enhance catalytic activity by introducing substituent position effect, which is of great importance for developing more efficient energy-related electrocatalysts.
In recent years, lanthanum-based nanomaterials (La-NMs) are selected as an efficient nano-adsorbent for phosphate removal because La3+ has a strong affinity with oxygen-donor atoms from phosphate. Additionally, there are a broad interest and literature base for the effect of different synthesis optimization and environmental parameters on the adsorption performance of La-NMs. A considerable amount of research has also investigated the regeneration and application of La-NMs to real wastewater in a laboratory scale. Based on the literature survey, it was found that La-NMs are often produced via co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. Moreover, phosphate's adsorption process and behavior onto La-NMs are described well with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model. The interaction mechanism between phosphate and La-NMs are dominated by ligand exchange, surface complexation and electrostatic attraction. Furthermore, phosphate could easily desorb from La-NMs due to the weak H-bonding interaction between phosphate and the H-bond acceptor groups on the surface of La-NMs. Despite the wealth of literature available in this area, there is a lack of systematic review to evaluate the gaps in the use of La-NMs to eliminate phosphate in water. In this review, we mainly summarize and discuss the role and the effect of the synthesis techniques on the physicochemical properties and the adsorption behavior of La-NMs. The possible adsorption mechanism, regeneration efficiency, and the application of La-NMs to the real environmental samples are also presented and highlighted.
To achieve an efficient photocatalytic for clean energy production and environmental remediation, the highly active Fe-doped and terephthalaldehyde-modified carbon nitride (Fe-CN/NTE) isotypic heterojunction photocatalyst is constructed via a simple annealing method for degradation of organic pollutants with simultaneous resource recovery. The Fe-CN/NTE catalyst exhibits a 93% removal rate of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) and a 1.72 mmol/g H2 evolution rate in 2 h simultaneously under visible light irradiation, which are higher than those of pristine CN, Fe-CN, and NTE, respectively. Photoelectrochemical tests show that the excellent photocatalytic performance of Fe-CN/NTE comes from the improved migration, transportation, and separation of photoinduced charge carriers and expanded light-harvesting range. Moreover, hydroxyl radical (OH), electron (e−), and hole (h+) are the main active species and the rational mechanism of 4-NP photodegradation was proposed based on scavenger measurements and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Isotypic heterojunction Fe-CN/NTE photocatalyst possesses excellent stability in the H2 evolution and 4-NP degradation during five-run cycle tests, posing as a promising candidate in practical works for organic pollution and energy challenges.
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