Latest ArticlesTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains the standard of care for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, clinical outcomes are frequently compromised by off-target toxicity, incomplete tumour necrosis, and the induction of a post-procedural immunosuppressive microenvironment. The integration of nanotechnology represents a paradigm shift designed to circumvent these biological and technical barriers. For instance, magnesium-enhanced TACE has demonstrated an objective response rate of ~93.3%, substantially surpassing that of conventional TACE therapies. This review evaluates nanotechnology's impact on TACE through four domains: Smart nanocarriers for stimuli-responsive delivery; theranostic platforms for real-time imaging; immune remodeling to boost immunotherapy; and next-generation embolic materials such as biodegradable polymers and liquid metals. Finally, we address the preclinical-to-clinical translation gap and outline a roadmap for personalized, high-precision interventional oncology.
The global spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) poses a critical public health threat, urgently requiring effective strategies to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water. Ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UVC/AOPs) offer a promising solution. By leveraging synergy between UVC light and oxidants (e.g., H2O2, PMS, O3, PAA, Cl2) to generate reactive radicals, they efficiently inactivate ARB, degrade ARGs, and suppress horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This review synthesizes recent advances, emphasizing: (1) Combined mechanisms of direct UVC damage and radical-mediated oxidation; (2) critical efficacy factors like radical kinetics and water matrix effects (DOM, salinity); and (3) key challenges including mechanistic gaps, particulate shielding of ARGs, and variable microbial susceptibility. To address these, we propose a machine learning-augmented approach integrating quantum chemical calculations and real-time spectroscopy to build predictive "radical-biotarget" models for intelligent optimization. While UVC/AOPs show broad efficacy and environmental promise, future research must prioritize elucidating fundamental mechanisms, optimizing parameters for diverse waters, and developing intelligent control systems to enhance specificity and resilience. Through such innovations, UVC/AOPs can become a core technology for precise AR risk management in water systems, providing a sustainable barrier against resistance spread.
The application of MXene-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) in Fenton-like processes has emerged as a rapidly advancing research frontier in recent years. Early studies have demonstrated their superior activity in activating peroxymonosulfate or hydrogen peroxide for pollutant degradation compared to conventional nanoparticle catalysts, while recent efforts have shifted toward precise structural engineering and mechanistic understanding of reaction pathways. However, the transition from laboratory-scale synthesis to industrial implementation remains challenging, due to difficulties in developing green and scalable fabrication methods, long-term instability in complex water matrices, leaching of metal active centers, and the lack of cost-effective integration into continuous-flow systems such as fixed-bed reactors. To date, comprehensive reviews addressing their engineering applications remain limited. This review systematically summarizes advances in synthetic strategies and characterization techniques for achieving atomic dispersion, elucidates the structure–activity relationships and synergistic radical/non-radical mechanisms, and evaluates reactor design and scale-up potential. Particular emphasis is placed on operational adaptability and economic feasibility under real-world conditions. Future perspectives include the rational design of novel MXene supports, machine learning-assisted catalyst optimization, hybrid process integration, and the development of sustainability assessment frameworks, aiming to bridge the gap between fundamental discoveries and practical water purification technologies.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are burgeoning for visible-light photoredox catalysis owing to their modular building blocks and convertible covalent linkages. Herein, the polycondensation of 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-formylphenyl)pyrene (Py) and 4,4′-biphenyldiamine (BD) affords an imine-linked COF, PyBD-COF. Consequently, the conversion of imine into thiazole yields a thiazole-linked COF, PyBTZ-COF. Both pyrene COFs possess well-defined crystallinity and porosity. Compared to PyBD-COF, PyBTZ-COF exhibits superior chemical stability and better electronic structure, attributable to its stable and photoactive thiazole linkages. Both PyBD-COF and PyBTZ-COF drive highly selective sulfoxidation by blue-light photoredox catalysis. Notably, 3 mol% TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) as electron transfer mediator enhances the conversions to approximately twofold for both PyBD-COF and PyBTZ-COF compared to TEMPO-free conditions. Due to its better electronic structure, PyBTZ-COF outperforms PyBD-COF for selective aerobic sulfoxidation, irrespective of addition of 3 mol% TEMPO. PyBTZ-COF photoredox catalysis with TEMPO exhibits excellent stability and broad applicability for selective sulfoxidation. The conversion of the linkage of COFs offers a way forward for enhancing performance in photoredox catalysis.
Synthesis of pseudo-mono-coordinate dysprosium(Ⅲ) single-molecule magnets (SMMs) with strong axiality is challenging. Here, by using very basic alkoxides as axial ligands and ether type neutral ligands as ancillary parts two targeted complexes, [Dy(OtBu)(15-C-5)(THF)2][I3]2 1 and [Dy(1-AdO)(15-C-5)(THF)2][I3]2 2 were successfully isolated. Structurally they possess very short Dy–Oalkoxide bonds (2.016(4) Å for 1 and 2.028(3) Å for 2) and very long Dy–Oether bonds (ranging from 2.427(4) Å to 2.523(4) Å for 1 and 2.416(3) Å to 2.509(3) Å for 2). As such, they are very similar to the diatomic model complex [DyO]+and can be magnetically perceived as pseudo-mono-coordinate Dy(Ⅲ) complexes. Both 1 and 2 exhibit high effective magnetic anisotropy barriers (1054(6) K for 1 and 1028(9) K for 2). Consequently, both 1 and 2 demonstrate high opening hysteresis temperatures, namely 14 K for 1 and 10 K for 2. This study provides a new insight into of pseudo-mono-coordinate mode and further emphasizes the excellent potential of this model for constructing high-performance SMMs.
The design and exploitation of high-property cathode materials and the exploration of their energy storage mechanism have always been research hotspots in the area of zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs). In this study, the new RuO2 nanodots/reduced graphene oxide (RuO2 NDs/rGO) composite is designed, and employed as a cathode for ZHC for the first time. Thanks to the synergism of nanoscale design and composite engineering, the RuO2 NDs/rGO//Zn ZHC delivers large specific capacitance (169.5 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g), splendid rate property (74.4 mAh/g at 20 A/g), eminent cyclic property (up to 10,000 cycles), and high energy and power densities (101.7 Wh/kg and 12 kW/kg). Furthermore, systematic kinetic analyses are used to confirm the rapid ion transport kinetics of the RuO2 NDs/rGO//Zn ZHC. More importantly, systematic ex-situ measurements are employed to illustrate its energy storage mechanism of the coexistence of electric double-layer capacitance (physical adsorption/desorption of SO42-) and pseudocapacitance (insertion/extraction of Zn2+ and H+ and chemical adsorption/desorption between Zn2+ and oxygen-containing functional groups). This study not only offers a good strategy for the design and exploitation of high-performance pseudocapacitive cathode for ZHCs, but also proposes an insight into energy storage mechanism of RuO2-based pseudocapacitive cathode.
Ni-rich layered oxides are regarded as one of the most reliable cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Modifying the crystal structure through doping with foreign elements and constructing surface coating layers are common modification methods for Ni-rich cathode materials. However, the relationship between the diffusion depth and distribution behavior of foreign elements within the cathode material and the composition of the cathode material has rarely been studied in depth. In this work, by exploring the relationship between element concentration and position in a specially prepared two-substances diffusion couple, the diffusion coefficients between Zr4+ and transition metal elements TMn+ (TM = Ni, Co, Mn; n = 3, 4) were obtained. It was found that the magnitude relationship of their diffusion coefficients is: Zr4+/Mn4+ > Zr4+/Mn3+ > Zr4+/Co3+ > Zr4+/Ni3+. Moreover, through the Arrhenius equation, it was determined that the Zr4+/Mn4+ diffusion couple has the smallest diffusion activation energy of only 0.43 eV, while the Zr4+/Ni3+ diffusion couple has the largest diffusion activation energy, which is 0.63 eV. In addition, this study designed a specific core-shell structure model based on the microscopic morphology of the prepared cathode precursor particles, accurately predicting the distribution differences of Zr4+ in cathode materials with different compositions during the actual sintering process. This work explains the reason for the formation of a Li2ZrO3 secondary phase coating layer on the surface of Ni-rich cathode material particles from the perspective of diffusion kinetics, providing a strong theoretical basis for the future design of high-performance element-modified Ni-rich cathode materials.
The direct utilization of magnesium (Mg) metal as the anode of Mg batteries is significantly susceptible to passivation in conventional electrolytes, which critically hinders Mg plating and stripping. To address this issue, a synergistic effect of the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds’ dispersive current strategy and the gradient conductivity artificial layer effectively promotes internal reversible Mg plating and stripping. In this study, we have synthesized 3D magnesiophilic gradient conductivity scaffolds (Sn@Ni), featuring an electronic insulation layer, uniform Mg2+ transport channels, and a high specific surface area, through in situ ion-exchange reactions. It is observed that the plate-like metal chloride insulation provides the necessary potential gradient to prevent electrolyte decomposition and Mg deposition on the surface. Furthermore, the magnesiophilic metal tin (Sn) effectively lowers the nucleation barrier of Mg, enhancing the uniform diffusion of Mg. Additionally, the high specific surface area of the nickel foam skeleton effectively mitigates current density and regulates Mg deposition behavior. As a result, the Sn@Ni 3D gradient conductivity scaffolds exhibit an exceptionally low Mg nucleation overpotential (52 mV) under 500 μA/cm2. Moreover, the Sn@Ni-Mg gradient conductivity anode, produced by plating Mg onto Sn@Ni, demonstrates a symmetric cell capable of sustaining an ultra-long stable reversible cycle exceeding 2800 h (5300 cycles). Full cells with Mo6S8 cathode also show an impressive capacity retention of 95.6% after 500 cycles at 1 C. This breakthrough provides a novel approach to anode design, presenting potential advancements for next-generation Mg batteries.
perovskite solar cells have attained exceptional power conversion efficiencies, offering a robust material foundation and device design process for the future of photovoltaics. In addition to optimizing perovskite materials for charge-related properties, it is essential to consider spin-related characteristics, as these could prove to be a pivotal factor in enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this study, perovskite solar cells featuring various perovskite/transport layer interfaces were engineered to investigate the interfacial spin polarization’s impact on charge extraction. The intensity of charge extraction correlates directly with the interfacial spin polarization. By applying an external electric field, the interfacial spin polarization can be further amplified, thereby enhancing charge extraction. This amplified charge extraction, resulting from increased interfacial spin polarization, can substantially boost the overall photocurrent, thus enabling a high power conversion efficiency.
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