Latest ArticlesIn this work, a simple gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based colorimetric biosensor was developed for chlorpyrifos (Chl) detection using an aptamer as the capture probe. The Chl-aptamer with low dissociation constant (Kd) of 58.59 ± 6.08 nmol/L was selected by ssDNA library immobilized systematic evolution of ligands by enrichment (SELEX). In the absence of Chl, the Chl-aptamer acted as the stabilizer for AuNPs in salt solution. In the presence of Chl, the highly specific Chl-aptamer bound with Chl targets immediately, thus a self-aggregation of AuNPs induced by salt was displayed. The fabricated colorimetric aptasensor exhibited an excellent sensitivity for Chl detection with the LOD as low as 14.46 nmol/L. In addition, the aptasensor was applied to test Chl in tap water, cucumber and cabbage samples, the excellent recoveries with acceptable RSD values below 5% demonstrated that the method can be considered as a promising tool for simple, rapid Chl detection.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely investigated for cancer therapy. The intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged protein facilitates tumor cell apoptosis. However, there is growing evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) significantly impedes PDT by preventing the enrichment of ROS-damaged proteins in tumor cells. To tackle this challenge, we report a facile dual-drug nanoassembly based on the discovery of an interesting co-assembly of bortezomib (BTZ, a proteasome inhibitor) and pyropheophorbide a (PPa) for proteasome inhibition-mediated PDT sensitization. The precisely engineered nanoassembly with the optimal dose ratio of BTZ and PPa demonstrates multiple advantages, including simple fabrication, high drug co-loading efficiency, flexible dose adjustment, good colloidal stability, long systemic circulation, favorable tumor-specific accumulation, as well as significant enrichment of ROS-damaged proteins in tumor cells. As a result, the cooperative nanoassembly exhibits potent synergistic antitumor activity in vivo. This study provides a novel dual-drug engineering modality for multimodal cancer treatment.
The rapid detection of microparticles exhibits a broad range of applications in the field of science and technology. The proposed method differentiates and identifies the 2 µm and 5 µm sized particles using a laser light scattering. The detection method is based on measuring forward light scattering from the particles and then classifying the acquired data using support vector machines. The device is composed of a microfluidic chip linked with photosensors and a laser device using optical fiber. Connecting the photosensors and laser device using optical fibers makes the device more diminutive in size and portable. The prepared sample containing microspheres was passed through the channel, and the surrounding photosensors measured the scattered light. The time-domain features were evaluated from the acquired scattered light, and then the SVM classifier was trained to distinguish the particle's data. The real-time detection of the particles was performed with an overall classification accuracy of 96.06%. The optimum conditions were evaluated to detect the particles with a minimum concentration of 0.2 µg/mL. The developed system is anticipated to be helpful in developing rapid testing devices for detecting pathogens ranging between 2 µm to 10 µm.
In clinical settings the wound-dressing was required easy to use and can match the wound area immediately, at the same time they need to have the properties of hemostats, anti-inflammation and promoting wound healing. To get an ideal wound dressing, we developed a type of gel-like wound adhesive patch from spraying double-network hydrogel, which own the properties of self-antibacterial and can promote wound healing. By spraying, the gel-like wound adhesive patch can match the wound area immediately and form a gel-film in 10 s. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as pH sensitive materials accelerated the speed to form the gel-film and enhanced ductility of the wound adhesive patch. In vitro experiments show that, this gel-like wound adhesive patch can promote cell proliferation and reduce cell apoptosis. In vivo studies show that, compared with commercialized wound dressings in clinic using, the spraying gel-like wound adhesive patch from our work has a better effect on wound healing. In conclusion, the spraying gel-like wound patch in our work is easy to use and can form a gel-film match on wound area in a short time, also it has the properties of hemostats, anti-inflammation and promoting wound healing. Its feasibility for mass production shows a good potential for commercial use.
Rapid on-site detection of pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming an urgent need in public health assurance, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety fields. Despite being reliable and widely used, the existing methods of bacteria detection are cumbersome and time-consuming, which is not conducive to field detection. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology has provided a detective tool for various analytes, due to its miniaturization, portability and low reagent consumption. Within this progress report, advances in the bacteria detection using microfluidic biosensors were discussed. Typical methods for pathogenic bacteria capture, separation and detection were introduced respectively in the first part. Then key applications of microfluidic biosensor-based rapid bacteria detection were presented. Finally, we made a conclusion and discussed possible research prospects in aspects of microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria.
As a new type of carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) are provided with the advantages of small size, excellent photoluminescence (PL) property, easy surface modification, robust stability, good water solubility and biocompatibility, which endow them with great potential in sensing. In this review, we first describe the preparation of CDs from different starting materials via various techniques, and pre-/post-modification strategies to modulate their PL properties. Second, we outline the optical properties of CDs, including UV-vis absorption and PL, especially the PL mechanisms of CDs are presented in detail from the size effect, molecular state, surface state and defect state. Third, we summarize the research progress of CDs in sensing environmental pollutants, bioactive substances, biological microenvironments, bacteria and viruses via different mechanisms. In addition, we envision the future development trends and prospects for CDs-based nanosensors. We believe that this type of small nanoparticles will bring about big prospect in the near future.
Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase belonging to the CMGC kinase family, which is closely related to Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, not only the treatment of diabetes, but also the treatment of cancer gradually focuses on targeting DYRK1A. Therefore, a series of DYRK1A inhibitors have been developed to treat relevant diseases and clarify their treatment mechanism furtherly. DYRK1A inhibitors are mainly divided into natural products and synthetic compounds. Among them, harmine is an excellent DYRK1A inhibitor. Therefore, the synthetic DYRK1A inhibitors are mainly based on harmine, which greatly enriches the structure and quantity of DYRK1A inhibitors. The interaction between the inhibitors and the DYRK1A protein has a guiding significance in predicting the activity of the inhibitors, and plays an irreplaceable role in the design of the compounds. This paper mainly reviews DYRK1A inhibitors found in recent years and their structure-activity relationship, looking forward to providing a theoretical basis for the development of DYRK1A inhibitors.
A high incidence of bone defects and the limitation of autologous bone grafting require 3D scaffolds for bone repair. Compared with synthetic materials, natural edible materials possess outstanding advantages in terms of biocompatibility, bioactivities and low manufacturing cost for bone tissue engineering. In this work, attracted by the natural porous/fabric structure, good biocompatibility and bioactivities of the lotus root, the lotus root-based scaffolds were fabricated and investigated their potential to serve as natural porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The results indicated that the lotus root-based scaffolds possess suitable natural microstructure, excellent biocompatibility and promising functions, such as antioxidant capacity and angiogenesis promotion. Remarkably, lotus root scaffolds showed encouraging possibility of bone tissue engineering while the mineralized lotus root could further improve the bone regeneration in vivo. All the results demonstrated the bone regeneration potential of lotus root-based scaffolds equipped with suitable natural architecture, excellent biocompatibility, specific bioactivities and low manufacturing cost.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death around the world. Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is an emerging light-triggered cancer treatment and shows the advantages of non-invasiveness and low side effects. The design and preparation of efficient phototherapeutic agents are of great significance for phototherapy. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is a small molecular organic dye featuring outstanding photophysical properties, facile tuning of structures and properties, and excellent photostability; thus, phototherapeutic agents based on organic small molecular DPP derivatives have attracted significant research attention for not only phototherapy but also photodiagnosis of fluorescence imaging (FLI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). This review summarizes the recent progress of various DPP-based organic small molecules on phototheranostics during the last five years. The molecular structure design and their phototheranostics performances are discussed in detail, as will be of great help for further creation of DPP-based phototheranostics.
A poor biocompatibility and bioactivity of invasive materials remains major problems for biomaterial-based therapy. In this study, we introduced gelatin scaffolds carrying both bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) biomimetic peptide and vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF) that achieved controlled release, cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. To promote osteogenesis with VEGF, we designed the BMP-2 biomimetic peptide that comprised BMP-2 core sequence oligopeptide (SSVPT), phosphoserine, and synthetic cell adhesion factor (RGDS). In vitro cell experiments, the scaffold was conducive to the adhesion and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). The micro-CT 3D reconstruction of the rat cranial bone defect model showed that bone regeneration patterns occurred from one side edge towards the center area implanted with the prepared cryogel, and tissue section staining analysis demonstrated that the scaffold with double-growth factor can synergistically accelerate bone regeneration. These findings suggested that the obtained gelatin cryogel could serve as a cell-responsive platform for biomaterial-based nonbearing bone repair.
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