Latest ArticlesQuasi-two-dimensional (q2D) conducting polymer thin film synergizes the advantageous features of long-range molecular ordering and high intrinsic conductivity, which are promising for flexible thin film-based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). Herein, we present the high-performance flexible MSCs based on highly ordered quasi-two-dimensional polyaniline (q2D-PANI) thin film using surfactant monolayer assisted interfacial synthesis (SMAIS). Owing to high electrical conductivity, rich redox chemistry, and thin-film morphology, the q2D-PANI MSCs show high volumetric specific capacitance (ca. 360 F/cm3) and energy density (17.9 mWh/cm3), which outperform the state-of-art PANI thin-film based MSCs and promise for future flexible electronics.
Fluorescence (FL) imaging guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming highly desirable for personalized therapy and precision medicine. In this study, fluorescent polymer nanoparticles TCPP@PEI/PGA were facilely synthesized through electrostatic interaction-mediated self-assembly of porphyrins tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and polyethylenimine (PEI), and subsequent surface modification with γ-poly(glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). TCPP served a dual function as the FL imaging probe and the photosensitizer. The as-prepared TCPP@PEI/PGA nanoparticles showed excellent water-solubility and biocompatibility, while having outstanding capabilities of in vivo bioimaging and 1O2 generation. FL bioimaging of mice and effective killing of CT 26 cells as well as CT 26 tumor-bearing mice upon laser irradiation were successfully demonstrated when using TCPP@PEI/PGA as theranostic nanoprobes. This study provides a simple but robust method to design and synthesize porphyrin-based polymer nanoparticles for theranostics.
To obtain high-efficiency flame retardancy of epoxy resins, a cyclophosphazene derivative tri-(o-henylenediamino)cyclotriphosphazene (3ACP) was successfully synthesized and used as a curing agent for the thermosetting of an epoxy resin system. The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and pyrolysis mechanism of the resultant thermosets were investigated in detail. The experiments indicated that the synthesized thermoset achieved a UL-94 V-0 rate under a vertical burning test as well as a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.2%, which was able to reach V-0 even when a small amount of 3ACP was incorporated. Scanning electronic microscopic observation demonstrated that the char residue of the thermosets was extremely expanded after the vertical flame test. Thermal analysis showed that the samples had a lower initial decomposition temperature when 3ACP was introduced into the epoxy resin systems. This indicates that the carbonization ability of the thermosets was significantly improved at elevated temperatures. In addition, the incorporation of 3ACP can effectively suppress the release of combustible gases during the pyrolysis process, and the decomposition of E-44/DDS-3ACP curing systems also promotes the formation of polyphosphoramides charred layer in the condensed phase. The investigation on the chemical structures of both the gaseous and condensed phase pyrolysis process confirmed the flame-retardant mechanism of the 3ACP-cured epoxy resins. Therefore, the nonflammable halogen-free epoxy resin developed in this study has potential applications in electric and electronic fields for environment protection and human health.
With an intensive understanding of the mechanism of immune system, developing a therapeutic tumor vaccine is one of the most perspective strategy of cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we report a facile approach to prepare graphene oxide (GO)-based therapeutic cancer-nanovaccine. The model antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) and adjuvant (CpG ODN), are conjugated with GO-PEI nanosheet through electrostatic interaction. The addition of PEG can improve biocompatibility and prevent nanoparticle aggregation. The prepared GO-based nanovaccine, GO-PEI-OVA-PEG-CpG, exhibits good biocompatibility and low toxicity both in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, it can efficiently induce the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), the enhancement of antigen cross-presentation ability, and the amplification of cytokine production of immune cells. Impressively, this nanovaccine shows a remarkable therapeutic effect against pre-established B16-OVA-melanoma tumors, which can significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time of the OVA-expressed tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, combining GO-PEI-OVA-PEG-CpG with NLG919, an IDO-1 (indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor which can regulate the tumor microenvironment, displays a synergistic therapeutic effect. These findings indicate the GO-PEI-OVA-PEG-CpG nanovaccine actively induces an antigen-specific antitumor immune response and it combined with NLG919 could achieve better therapeutic outcomes.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most common mycotoxins that threatens human health. As single-stranded oligonucleotides with high affinity and specificity, aptamers have incomparable effect on the targeted detection of AFB1. Herein, after 11 rounds of selection and analysis using a modified affinity chromatography-based SELEX strategy, the truncated 37 nt aptamer AF11–2 was successfully obtained. The aptamer shows good detection performance for AFB1, and can sensitively detect AFB1 in the range of 100–1000 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 42 nmol/L. In the detection of pretreated edible peanut oil samples, AF11–2 aptamer also showed a high recovery rate and good stability for AFB1, and achieved satisfactory results. In addition, AF11–2 aptamer can significantly enhance the fluorescence ability of AFB1, which is not available in traditional Afla17–2–3 aptamer. After molecular docking analysis, it was found that AF11–2 and Afla17–2–3 had different nucleotide binding sites for AFB1. Afla17–2–3 binds to the carbonyl O of AFB1, while AF11–2 binds to the pyrrolic O of AFB1, which may be the main reason that AF11–2 can enhance the fluorescence of AFB1.
A Ru(Ⅲ)-catalyzed annulation reaction of 2-aminoaromatic aldehydes (ketones) and isoxazoles to afford diverse 3-cyanoquinolines has been developed. Notably, isoxazole acted as a cyclization reagent and nontoxic cyano source via N-O bond cleavage and fragmentation. Variously substituted (especially 6- or 7-substituted) quinolines could be easily afforded. This procedure features wide functional group compatibility, efficiency and avoiding toxic cyano source. Meanwhile, this protocol could be successfully applied to scale-up synthesis. Further chemical transformations of 3-cyanoquinoline could give some valuable skeletons, demonstrating its potential in synthetic application
We report a Ni-catalyzed three-component cross-electrophile coupling of alkynes with alkenyl halides and fluoroalkyl halides to generate fluoroalkyl-incorporated 1,3-dienes. This mild and operationally simple protocol is distinguished by its broad substrate scope and excellent chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivity, offering a new and organometallic agent-free platform for the construction of fluoroalkyl-incorporated diene motifs. Preliminary mechanistic studies have been conducted to probe the potential reaction pathway.
Nanocrystals are of great value in delivering poorly soluble drugs as a technique enables enhanced dissolution and bioavailability. The bottom-up technique allows better control of particle properties. However, the commonly used organic solvents are hazardous to environment and operators, and always lead to large particle size and wide size distribution due to failure on controlling the nucleation and crystal growth. The situation is exacerbated in scale-up production. Therefore, in the proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the feasibility of green and controllable fabrication of drug nanocrystals by using biocompatible ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents. Choline based ILs (Ch-ILs) were synthesized via metathesis reactions. Pure paclitaxel nanocrystals of high quality were obtained from Ch-ILs with surface tension higher than 42 mN/m. The sizes were below 250 nm, while the polydispersity indexes were lower than 0.25. Compared with ethanol, choline lactate is superior in controlling the size of the nanocrystals in scale-up production, where the drug concentration was increased by 6 times. The underlying mechanism may be due to the high viscosity and low surface tension of the ILs, which are supposed to benefit homogeneous and burst nucleation. Ch-ILs can be recycled from the process and recovery rate reached 91.1%. Moreover, the applicability of the green technique was validated in a wider range of model drugs and Ch-ILs. In conclusion, ILs are potent solvents in bottom-up technique for green and controllable fabrication of nanocrystals.
Herein, we report a practical electro-reductive protocol for the direct C–H cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via iminyl radical-mediated ring opening. These mild reactions proceed under metal-, reductant-, and reagent-free conditions to provide synthetically useful cyanoalkylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection has seriously affected prawn culture globally. The symptoms of the infection are not apparent, and traditional detection methods are time consuming and low in accuracy. We developed a new onsite rapid testing device (size 18.8 × 16.7 × 6.6 cm3) for EHP based on magnesium pyrophosphate precipitation and facilitated by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The design and fabrication of the device enables efficient light absorbance. The device has a highly sensitive detector, high-precision thermal controller, and humanized touch screen. The temperature control precision of the device is 0.2–0.3 ℃ at 60 ℃, 63 ℃, and 65 ℃. The coefficients of variation values (CVV) of the luminous power in one channel at light on and off were found to be 0.0097 and 0.0014, respectively, within 1 h. The CVV of the background, luminous power, and values of eight PCR tubes filled with pure water were all less than 5%. In the EHP experiment, eight samples (including seven positive and one negative) confirmed the effectiveness of the device, and four positive and four negative samples verified whether cross-contamination exists. Among them, the rise time of the curve was about 15 min. These results assert that the developed device exhibits enhanced stability and uniformity and has excellent performance with high sensitivity, good specificity, and low testing time. Moreover, the optimal and minimum absorbance range was 555–655 nm for monitoring the production of LAMP.
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