Latest ArticlesThe flow-through electro-Fenton (EF-T) reactor with WBC cathode was designed to remove florfenicol (FF). The activated WBC cathode was prepared by facile carbonization and activation methods, and featured high specific surface area, natural multi-channel structure, abundant oxygen-containing groups, good hydrophilicity, and excellent O2 reducing capacity. WBC cathode was located above Ti/Ru-IrO2 mesh anode. O2 evolved at the anode was carried to the inner wall of channel of WBC by the force of buoyancy and water flow, which increases oxygen source of H2O2 generation at the cathode. The flow-through system by using WBC electrode promote the mass transfer of O2 and FF. The production amount of H2O2 at activated WBC was 32.2 mg/L, which was almost twice as much as that at non-activated WBC (15.0 mg/L). FF removal ratio in EF-T system was 98%, which was much higher than that of traditional flow-by electro-Fenton (EF-B, 33%) or single electrooxidation system (EO, 16%). EF-T system has the lowest energy consumption (4.367 kWh/kg) among the three electrochemical systems. The cathodic adsorption, anodic electrooxidation, and EF reaction are responsible for the degradation of FF. After five consecutive cycle experiments, FF removal ratio was still 98%, indicating WBC has the good stability.
Formaldehyde (HCHO) causes increasing concerns due to its ubiquitously found in indoor air and being irritative and carcinogenic to humans. Photothermal-catalysis developed in recent years has been considered as a significant strategy for enhancing catalytic activity. Manganese oxides, compared with its strong thermocatalytic activity, generally suffer from much lower photocatalytic activity make its photochemical properties less concerned. Herein, α-MnO2 nanowires were composited with the graphene oxide (GO) via mechanical grinding and co-precipitating method, respectively. α-MnO2/GO nanohybrids prepared by co-precipitating method exhibits excellent activity, achieving 100% decomposition of HCHO with the solar-light irradiation at ambient temperature. It is found that, besides the photo-driven thermocatalysis, the photocatalysis mechanism made a major contribution to the decomposition of HCHO. The incorporation of GO, on the one hand, is beneficial to improve the optical absorption capacity and photothermal conversion efficiency; on the other hand, is conductive to electron transfer and effective separation of electrons and holes. These synergistic effects significantly improve the catalytic activity of α-MnO2/GO nanohybrids. This work proposes a new approach for the utilization of solar energy by combining manganese oxides, and also develops an efficient photothermal-catalyst to control HCHO pollution in indoor air.
In this work, the removal of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) by ferric ion-activated sulfite [Fe(III)/S(IV)] process was systematically investigated with determining the intermediate products and evaluating the influences of some operational conditions and water matrices. Our results show that batching addition of S(IV) benefits the S(IV) utilization efficiency and TBP removal, with SO4•‒ being the primary reactive radical accounting for TBA degradation. The maximum TBP removal in the Fe(III)/S(IV) process was observed at pH 4.0 and oxygen is essential in this process. With increasing Fe(III) and S(IV) dosages from 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/L to 0.2 and 2.0 mmol/L, respectively, TBP removal followed trends of first increase then decrease. As the acute toxicity of the TBP solution was significantly reduced, the Fe(III)/S(IV) process was believed to be a good choice in the treatment of TBP.
A visible-light-mediated reaction of indole derivatives employing arylsulfonyl chlorides as sulfonyl surrogates has been developed, which proceeds via the sequence of reduction of sulfonyl chloride, sulfonylation, and intramolecular cyclization. This mild protocol transforms a diverse array of indole tethered alkenes and simple sulfonyl chlorides into highly valuable functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles in good yields. This reaction is also suitable for gram-scale synthesis, which provides an efficient and green access to multi-substituted tetrahydrocarbazoles.
In this study, a method was developed to form C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds via copper catalyst-promoted cross coupling of 2-methylquinoline and in-situ-activated 3-haloisoquinoline under mild conditions. The multi-component tandem reaction was used to construct new C–N, C=O and C–C bonds in one pot via sequential functionalization of the N1, C3 and C1 positions of 3-haloisoquinoline. This method can be used to efficiently access 1,2-disubstituted isoquinolinones by the three-component reaction of 3-halogen isoquinoline, alkyl halide, and 2-methylquinoline.
A new method for the preparation of fluoroalkylthioethers including trifluoromethylthioether and difluoromethylthioether by iridium(Ⅰ)-catalyzed deoxgenation of fluoroalkylsulfoxides with dimethyl diazomalonate was developed. In the reaction system, dimethyl diazomalonate was used as reducing reagent and the corresponding fluoroalkylthioethers were produced through oxygen atom transfer from fluoroalkylsulfoxides to diazomalonate. The protocol featuring effective oxygen atom transfer, mild reaction conditions and good functional groups tolerance offers an alternative strategy for the synthesis of fluoroalkylthioethers.
One goal of supramolecular chemistry is the creation of synthetic receptors that have a high affinity for hydrophilic molecules in water. We found that cavitands with upper rims extended by pyridyl groups coax hydrophilic guests into the cavity where they are shielded from the aqueous environment. The ability of Pd(Ⅱ) to coordinate adjacent pyridyl groups leads to increased selectivity for highly hydrophilic solvent molecules such as acetone, 1, 4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran in water. Analysis of the binding behavior indicated that metal-coordination restricts the container entrance, shrinks the effective cavity volume and increases the energetic barrier to guest exchange.
Traditional synthesis of sulfonylureas largely depends on nucleophilic addition of arylsulfonamides to pre-synthesized isocyanates. Now we report a new access to alkylsulfonylureas with good yields and broad substrate scope. With the insertion of commercialized chlorosulfonyl isocyanate under photoredox catalysis, alkylsulfonylureas are synthesized in one-pot from the corresponding anilines and silyl enolates. A reaction mechanism is proposed showing the transformation undergoes a radical process, and the practicality of this methodology is proven via application to bioactive molecules. Additionally, the anti-cancer and anti-virus screening of these compounds is evaluated.
In recent years, the direct introduction of sulfonyl and sulfenyl groups into unsaturated substrates by using thiosulfonates as unique dual functional reagents has inarguably provided chemists a new platform for the diverse synthesis of important S-containing derivatives. These 1,n-thiosulfonylation reactions usually feature simple procedures, 100% atom economy, and high regioselectivity. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the transformations of thiosulfonates through 1,n-thiosulfonylation involving the formation of two distinct C-S bonds under transition-metal-catalyzed or metal-free conditions, where thiosulfonates act as both a sulfonyl and a sulfenyl component.
We construct MUC1 vaccines using β-cyclodextrin grafted chitosan (CS-g-CD) as carrier via host-guest interaction. These vaccines based on non-covalent assembling can provoke robust immune responses, including high level of specific antibodies and cytokines. The induced antibodies can specifically recognize tumor cells and mediate cytotoxicity against tumor cells. These results indicate that CS-g-CD with strong immunostimulatory activities can be a straightforward platform for peptide-based vaccine construction.
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