Latest ArticlesThis study explored the catalytic mechanism and performance impacted by the materials ratio of Fe3O4-GOx composites in three typical advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) of O3, peroxodisulfate (PDS) and photo-Fenton processes for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. The ratio of GO in the Fe3O4-GOx composites exhibited different trends of degradation capacity in each AOPs based on different mechanisms. Fe3O4-rGO20wt% exhibited the optimum catalytic performance which enhanced the ozone decomposition efficiency from 33.48% (ozone alone) to 51.83% with the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) of O2•−. In PDS and photo-Fenton processes, Fe3O4-rGO5wt% had the highest catalytic performance in PDS and H2O2 decomposition for SO4•‒, and •OH generation, respectively. Compared with using PDS alone, PDS decomposition rate and TCH degradation rate could be increased by 5.97 and 1.73 times under Fe3O4-rGO5wt% catalysis. In the photo-Fenton system, Fe3O4-rGO5wt% with the best catalyst performance in H2O2 decomposition, and TCH degradation rate increased by 2.02 times compared with blank group. Meantime, the catalytic mechanisms in those systems of that the ROS produced by conversion between Fe2+/Fe3+ were also analyzed.
Nickel cobalt bimetallic heterogeneous sulfides are attractive battery-type materials for electrochemical energy storage. However, the precise synthesis of electrode materials that integrate highly efficient ions/electrons diffusion with abundant charge transfer channels has always been challenging. Herein, an effective and concise controllable hydrothermal approach is reported for tuning the crystalline and integrated structures of MOF-derived bimetallic sulfides to accelerate the charge transfer kinetics, and thus enabling rich Faradaic redox reaction. The as-obtained low-crystalline heterogeneous NiCo2S4/Co3S4 nanocages exhibit a high specific capacity (1023 C/g at 1 A/g), remarkable rate performance (560 C/g at 10 A/g), and outstanding cycling stability (89.6% retention after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, hybrid supercapacitors fabricated with NiCo2S4/Co3S4 and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide display an outstanding energy density of 40.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 806.3 W/kg, with an excellent capacity retention of 88.3% after 10000 charge-discharge cycles.
Taxol is one of the most famous diterpenoid natural products used in clinical cancer therapy. Taxol and its analogues are popular synthetic targets and have attracted worldwide attention over the past decades. Tremendous research efforts have already been made and ten groups have achieved the total synthesis of Taxol since 1994. This mini-review summarized the recent highlights of divergent strategic approaches towards the chemical synthesis of Taxol's carbocyclic framework bearing a bridged eight-membered ring.
Exposure to environmental cadmium increases the health risk of residents. Early urine metabolic detection using high-resolution mass spectrometry and machine learning algorithms would be advantageous to predict the adverse health effects. Here, we conducted machine learning approaches to screen potential biomarkers under cadmium exposure in 403 urine samples. In positive and negative ionization mode, 4207 and 3558 features were extracted, respectively. We compared seven machine learning algorithms and found that the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) classifiers showed better accuracy and predictive performance than others. Following 5-fold cross-validation, the value of area under curve (AUC) was both 0.93 for positive and negative ionization modes in XGBoost classifier. In the RF classifier, AUC were 0.80 and 0.84 for positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. We then identified a biomarker panel based on XGBoost and RF classifiers. The incorporation of machine learning models into urine analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry could allow a convenient assessment of cadmium exposure.
The matched energy band structure and efficient carrier separation efficiency are the keys to heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions. A novel organic/inorganic step scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction PDI-Urea/BiOBr composite photocatalyst was constructed by simple solvothermal reaction combined with in-situ growth strategy. The composite photocatalyst not only has high chemical stability, but also can generate and accumulate a large number of active species (h+, •O2−, •OH, H2O2). PDI-Urea/BiOBr showed higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of antibiotic such as ofloxacin (OFLO), tetracycline (TC) and the production of H2O2 in the spectral range of 400–800 nm. The apparent rate constant of 15% PDI-Urea/BiOBr for photocatalytic degradation of TC (or OFLO) was 2.7 (or 2.5) times that of pure BiOBr and 1.7 (or 1.8) times that of pure PDI-Urea. The H2O2 evolution rate of 15% PDI-Urea/BiOBr was 2.5 times that of PDI-Urea and 1.5 times that of BiOBr, respectively. This work has formed a mature S-scheme heterojunction design thought and method, which offers new visions for the development of heterogeneous photocatalysts.
Amyloid beta-peptide 1–42 (Aβ1–42) is one of the biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, and its selective capture and quantitative detection are important for diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Herein, copper(Ⅱ) ions-immobilized virus-like hollow covalent organic frameworks (V-HCOFs@Cu2+) were synthesized by a facile approach. The as-prepared V-HCOFs@Cu2+ showed unique morphology, ultra-high specific surface (2552 m2/g), uniform mesoporous structure (3.2 nm), superior chemical stability and abundant binding sites. Based on these excellent properties, the V-HCOFs@Cu2+ could be adopted as an ideal enrichment probe for highly efficient capture of Aβ1–42, exhibiting high adsorption capacity (320 mg/g), and fast adsorption equilibration time (3 min). In addition, an attractive approach of the V-HCOFs@Cu2+-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was developed for the rapid screening and quantitative analysis of Aβ1–42 in human serum by using C-peptide as an internal standard, which exhibited low limit of detection (LOD, 0.2 fmol/µL), and satisfactory recovery. This work provides an alternative solution for enrichment of biomarkers and also offers the potential applications of COFs in clinical analysis
Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) modified layer-structured CdBiO2Br (CPDs/CdBiO2Br) Z-scheme heterojunction hybrid material has been synthesized via simple solvothermal method. The hybrid material with Z-scheme heterojunction can effectively maintain the original highly oxidizing holes of CdBiO2Br and the highly reducing electrons of CPDs. In addition, the construction of heterostructure is beneficial to the migration and separation of photogenerated carriers. Under visible light irradiation, 6 wt% CPDs/CdBiO2Br showed the best catalytic activity for degradation of organic pollutants. Free radical capture experiments and ESR analysis confirmed that the main active species are •O2− and h+. The decomposition process of organic pollutants was analyzed by LC-MS. Finally, the probable visible light mechanism performance of CPDs/CdBiO2Br as direct Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic materials was proposed.
Stimuli-responsive vesicles (SRVs) have been widely exploited as smart nanocarriers for biomedical applications. Herein, high-performance SO2-responsive nanovesicles were reported to exemplify a new mode of SRVs. Structurally, the sensory vesicles were based on amphiphilic hydrogen-bonded (HB) polymers which can be facilely fabricated via modular self-assembly. The HB polymers are designed to consist of a melamine-barbituric acid HB skeleton with pendant anthracene fluorophores and amphiphilic side chains. Upon stimulation with increasing amount of SO2, the vesicles in aqueous solution undergo an unusual morphology evolution including rapid fission into small ones, swelling and final collapse of the offspring vesicles. During this process, the intrinsic fluorescence response of the vesicles allows intuitive tracking of the hierarchical structural evolution of the self-assembled membranes and straightforward quantitation of the stimuli. This work exemplifies a rational design of auto-recording stimuli-responsive nanovesicles.
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are emerging crystalline 2D organic material comprising free-standing, single-atom/monomer-thick, planar, and covalent networks with long-ranging structural order. Benefiting from their intrinsic porosity, crystallinity, and electrical properties, 2DPs have displayed great potential for separation, energy conversion and electronic fields. In this mini review, we aim to provide the recent progress in crystalline 2DPs films form synthesis strategies to characterization methods, as well as the future trends. We first present the synthesis strategy of single-crystalline 2DPs films including crystal engineering approaches and surface science. Also, we summarize the characterization methods of 2DPs films and highlight the advantages and limitations of different methods focusing on chemical bonding, morphology, and crystal structure. Finally, we will present the current challenges and trends regarding the future developments of crystallinity, monomer design, synthesis strategy and characterization.
Target discovery, involving target identification and validation, is the prerequisite for drug discovery and screening. Novel methodologies and technologies for the precise discovery and confirmation of drug targets are powerful tools in understanding the disease, looking for a drug and elucidating the mechanism of drug treatment. Among the common target identification and confirmation methods, the modified method is time-consuming and laborious, which may reduce or change the activity of natural products. The unmodified methods developed in recent years without chemical modification have gradually become an important means of studying drug targets. A wide range of unmodified approaches have been reported, introducing and analyzing the recent emerging methodologies and technologies. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of these methods for the application of drug target discovery and presents an overview of their contributions to the target discovery of small molecule drugs. The application and future development trends of methodologies in target discovery are also prospected to provide a reference for drug target research.
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