Latest ArticlesColorectal cancer causes the third most common type of malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective and common treatments for colorectal cancer. However, the poor water solubility of some chemotherapeutics, untargeted drug delivery, and the undesirable systemic side effects of conventional treatment remain the major issues for colorectal cancer chemotherapy. Fortunately, drug delivery systems (DDS) based on biomaterials have been widely investigated and found to be capable of resolving those issues with good performance. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to summarize and discuss the progress and potential advantages of different DDS for colorectal cancer chemotherapy. We not only reviewed the nanocarriers used to improve the solubility of chemotherapeutics, including liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles, but also discussed targeted DDS based on specific ligand-receptor recognition and tumor microenvironmental stimulus responses. Furthermore, locally administered systems based on hydrogels and microspheres, which have been shown to increase drug accumulation at the tumor site while decreasing systemic toxicity, were also emphasized. DDS provides a good option for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
In recent years, due to the increasing demand for portable electronic devices, rechargeable solid-state battery technology has developed rapidly. Lithium-ion batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible and lightweight design, and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between electrochemical mechanism and structural properties from theory and experiment will enable us to accelerate the development of high-performance and security batteries. This review discusses the interplay between theoretical calculation and experiment in the study of lithium ion battery materials. We introduce the application of theoretical calculation method in solid-state batteries through the combination of theory and experiment. We present the concept and assembly technology of solid-state batteries are reviewed. The basic parameters of solid-state electrolytes, especially sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes and their interface mechanisms with high-voltage cathode materials, are analyzed by theoretical methods. We present an overview on the scientific challenges, fundamental mechanisms, and design strategies for solid-state batteries, especially focusing on the issues of stability on solid-state electrolytes and the associated interfaces with both cathode and electrolyte. Owing to the theoretical models, we can not only reveal the unprecedented mechanism from the atomic scale, but also analyze the interface problems in the battery thoroughly, thus effectively designing more promising electrolyte and interface coating materials. It blazed a new trial for engineering an interphase with improved interfacial compatibility for a long-term cyclability.
Bridged polycyclic lactams are important structural units in organic functional materials, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. A flexible and efficient anion cascade reaction was developed for the preparation of bridged polycyclic lactams from readily available malonamides and 1, 4-dien-3-ones. Various highly substituted bridged polycyclic lactams were synthesized in good to excellent yields by tandem nucleophilic sequences in the presence of BuOK in commercially available EtOH solvent at 60 ℃. Notably, the simple reactions can be run on a gram scale. Mechanistically, bis-Michael addition reaction and hemiaminalization reactions are involved in the tandem transformation.
Bone damage caused by trauma and tumors is a serious problem for human health, therefore, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding materials that stimulate and promote the regeneration of broken bone tissues have become the focus of current research in the field of bone damage repair. To this regard, a preferential combination of materials and preparation techniques is considered crucial for the preparation of advanced bone tissue engineering scaffolds to better facilitate the regeneration of broken bone. In this review, current research advances and challenges in bone tissue engineering scaffolds are discussed and analyzed in detail. First, we elucidated the structure and self-healing mechanism of bone tissue. Subsequently, the main applications of different materials, including inorganic and organic materials, in bone tissue engineering scaffolds are summarized. Moreover, we overview the latest research progress of the mainstream preparation strategies of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and provide an in-depth analysis of the different advantages of each method. Finally, promising future directions and challenges of bone tissue engineering scaffolds are systematically discussed.
The cubic S/N co-doped TiO2 (TNSx, x is the calcination temperature) photocatalysts with rich oxygen vacancies were obtained by high temperature calcination of sulfur powder and titanium-based MOFs NH2-MIL-125 for the photocatalytic removal of gaseous formaldehyde (a volatile organic compound). Among the obtained catalysts, the presence of oxygen vacancies restricted photogenerated electron and holes recombination. 98.00% removal of gaseous formaldehyde in 150 min could be achieved over TNS600 by xenon lamp. The removal efficiency for formaldehyde was well retained for five cycle experiment. The results from PL, TRPL and EIS revealed that TNS600 had the best separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, and the enhanced charge separation led to a significant increase in photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic oxidation mechanism indicated that the •OH and •O2− radicals were mainly involved in the efficient elimination of gaseous formaldehyde and were able to mineralize formaldehyde to H2O and CO2.
The A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) has attracted attention as an emerging immunotherapeutic target with several antagonists being evaluated in clinical trials. However, A2AAR antagonists show limited efficacy as monotherapies. Herein, we communicate our design and synthesis of a novel series of A2AAR/histone deacetylase (HDAC) bifunctional inhibitors, based on the core structure of the A2AAR antagonist PBF-509. The new compounds were designed using a pharmacophore-merging strategy and features a tri-substituted pyrimidine core. The binding affinity for A2AAR and inhibitory activity against HDACs of all the new compounds were tested. A number of compounds exhibited nanomolar or subnanomolar activity against both targets and some showed equally potent antiproliferative activity against MC38, CT26 and HCT116 colon cancer lines compared to HDAC inhibitors SAHA and MGCD-0103 in vitro. The binding poses of compound 5a in both A2AAR and HDAC1 were predicted by molecular docking studies. Collectively, these results suggest these tri-substituted pyrimidine derivatives are promising leads for developing A2AAR/HDAC dual-acting compounds as novel antitumor agents.
Talaroclauxins A and B (1 and 2), two novel duclauxin hybrids, were obtained from Talaromyces stipitatus, along with three new (3−5) and one known analogue (6). Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations. Compound 1 is the first example of duclauxin-ergosterol hybrid featuring an unprecedented dodecacyclic ring system formed via a [4 + 2] cycloaddition, while compound 2, bearing an unusual 6/6/6/5/6/6/6/6 ring system, is a new member of the rare duclauxin-polyketide hybrid class of natural products. Plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1−6 are proposed. Compound 5 displayed moderate neuroprotective effects in glutamate sodium-induced SH-SY5Y cells.
The chemoselective hydrogenation of structurally diverse nitroaromatics is a challenging process. Generally, catalyst activity tends to decrease when excellent selectivity is guaranteed. We here present a novel photocatalyst combining amino-functionalized carbon dots (N-CDs) with copper selenite nanoparticles (N-CDs@CuSeO3) for simultaneously improving selectivity and activity. Under visible light irradiation, the prepared N-CDs@CuSeO3 exhibits 100% catalytic selectivity for the formation of 4-aminostyrene at full conversion of 4-nitrostyrene in aqueous solvent within a few minutes. Such excellent photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the precise control of the hydrogen species released from the ammonia borane by means of light-converted electrons upon N-CDs@CuSeO3. Besides, the defect states at the interface of N-CDs and CuSeO3 enable holes to be trapped for promoting separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, allowing more hydrogen species to participate in catalytic reaction.
Carbon dots (CDs) have been attracted much attention and widely studied due to their excellent fluorescence (FL) properties, better biocompatibility and outstanding photo/chemical stability. However, the disadvantage of lower quantum yield (QY) still limits its wide application. Herein, we reported a novel and convenient strategy to prepare photo-induced Ag/CDs (p-Ag/CDs) by irradiating the mixed Ag+ and hydrophobic CDs (h-CDs) acetone solution with ultraviolet (UV) light. The obtained p-Ag/CDs exhibit a greatly enhanced FL emission together with a blue shift (460 nm) than h-CDs (520 nm). The QY of p-Ag/CDs is measured to be 51.1%, which is 10.4 times higher than that of h-CDs (4.9%), indicating that photo-induced Ag modulation can effectively improve the optical properties of CDs. The mechanisms for the FL enhancement and blue shift of h-CDs are studied in detail. The results prove that the greatly enhanced FL emission is from the generated Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) by UV light irradiation based on metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), and the increased oxygen-contained groups in this process lead to the blue shift in CDs fluorescence. Interestingly, the p-Ag/CDs exhibit higher sensitivity and selectivity for sulfide ions (S2−) detection than that of h-CDs, which have a lower response to S2−. This work not only offers a novel strategy to improve the FL properties of materials but also endows them with new functions and broadens their application fields.
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