Latest ArticlesThis work reported the lanthanide ion (Gd3+) doped tungsten trioxide (Gd-WO3) nanocrystal for remarkable promoted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and simultaneous in-situ H2O2 production. With doped lanthanide ion (Gd3+), Gd-WO3 showed a much broad and enhanced solar light absorption, which not only promoted the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of organic compounds, but also provided a suitable bandgap for direct reduction of oxygen to H2O2. Additionally, the isolated Gd3+ on WO3 surface can efficiently weaken the *OOH binding energy, increasing the activity and selectivity of direct reduction of oxygen to H2O2, with a rate of 0.58 mmol L−1 g−1 h−1. The in-situ generated H2O2 can be subsequently converted to •OH based on Fenton reaction, further contributed to the overall removal of organic pollutants. Our results demonstrate a cascade photocatalytic oxidation-Fenton reaction which can efficiently utilize photo-generated electrons and holes for organic pollutants treatment.
Adoptive immunotherapy expressing synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) on T cells through in vitro modifications represents a new and innovative strategy in cancer treatment. This new approach enables T cells to recognize and bind tumor antigens via a single-chain variable fragment recognition domain, circumventing the restriction of major histocompatibility complex. This review summarized the structure/design of CAR-T cells and the evolution process this technology went through, displaying the theoretical foundation for CAR-T therapy, the marketed products and the latest preclinical and clinical research progress. Finally, we provided perspectives on this technology's development and potential future applications, especially for treating hematological malignant and solid tumors.
The electro-peroxone technology, a novel type of advanced oxidation technology, is widely used in wastewater treatment. Herein, this paper reviews the advantages and problems of the electro-peroxone technology compared with electrochemical oxidation technology, ozonation technology, and traditional peroxone technology. Due to the high kinetics of pollutant degradation, the electro-peroxone process can reduce the reaction time and energy consumption of pollutant treatment in wastewater. The electro-peroxone technology can promote pollutant degradation and mineralization, which shows obvious synergistic effects of electrochemical oxidation and ozonation for wastewater treatment. Most importantly, the research mechanism of the electro-peroxone technology is systematically introduced from two aspects of cathode reaction and bulk reaction. The influence of experimental parameters on the wastewater treatment effect is also discussed. Finally, the potential applications and future research directions of the electro-peroxone technology in the wastewater field are proposed. The electro-peroxone process can offer a highly efficient and energy saving water treatment method to improve the performance of existing ozonation and electrochemical systems and has therefore become a promising electrochemical advanced oxidation process for wastewater treatment.
An amphiphilic AIE photosensitizer has been successfully developed, which allows for easily inserting into the bacterial membranes. Binding experiments with phospholipid preliminary demonstrates its membrane specificity. As expected, it is proved to possess a broad-spectrum bacterial staining performance and photodynamic antibacterial activity toward S. aureus and E. coli.
Forming J-aggregates by organic monomer is a fascinating strategy to urge spectroscopic redshift with respect to that of the monomer. Herein, we designed 1,7-diphenyl-substituted meso–CF3-BDP monomer confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The low-barrier rotation of the –CF3 group in meso–CF3-BDP 1 significantly enhances the non-radiative efficiency, and the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of the self-assembled nanoparticles (1-NPs: λabs = 746 nm) by J-aggregates was 82%. 1-NPs could effectively block cell cycle progression, inhibit cancer cell proliferation and trigger cell apoptosis under low power laser irradiation (0.2 W/cm2). This study proposes an alternate molecular design platform by J-aggregates to promote PCE through the insertion of rotating segment and trigger the cancer cells apoptosis in photothermal therapy at low power laser density.
A phytochemical investigation on Isodon flavidus led to the isolation of flavidanolide A (1), a rearranged diterpenoid featuring a six/seven/five-membered tricyclic skeleton, together with flavidanolide B (2), an uncommon heterodimeric diterpenoid consisting of a norabietane and a seco-isopimarane monomeric units. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Their plausible biosynthetic routes were also proposed. In the bioassay, flavidanolide B was found to exhibit good inhibitory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells comparable to positive control pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (PDTC), which provided evidence for the medicinal value of I. flavidus as a folk medicine for treating inflammatory diseases.
Photoimmunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality that uses photothermal, photodynamic and photochemical processes to fight against cancer by eliciting a robust host immune response. Recently, various nanoformulations of biomaterials have been rationally designed as highly effective photosensitive agents, immunoadjuvants or carriers to enhance phototherapeutic efficacy, boost immune stimulation, amplify nano-permeability and monitor cancer progression in situ. Nevertheless, relying solely on a single-modality therapy may not completely ablate primary tumors, and the metastasis and recurrence of tumors remain a serious challenge. To solve this issue, the strategy of combining photoimmunotherapy with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor-T cell or cytokine therapy, can greatly enhance the effectiveness of oncology treatment and reduce the traditional adverse effects. Thus, it is very valuable to summarize the research progress in biomaterial-assisted combination photoimmunotherapy for clinical translation. In this review, the recent advances in constructing multifunctional nano-biomaterials for combinatorial photoimmunotherapy of cancer are summarized. Furthermore, the opportunities, challenges, future trends and prospects in this field are also analyzed to pave the way for advancing the next generation of clinical cancer management strategies.
Applying the fluorescent carbon dots as smart materials in anticancer therapy is of great interest. However, carbon dots for multimodal synergistic anticancer therapy, especially for the triple modality, is rarely reported. Herein, we successfully synthesized OCDs by citric acid and (1R, 2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethan-1-ol, which show aggregation-induced emission property and two-photon fluorescence imaging. Meanwhile, OCDs are ideal photosensitizers for photothermal therapy under 808 nm and Type Ⅰ photodynamic therapy with white light. Hydroxyl radicals, generated by Type Ⅰ photodynamic therapy based on OCDs can transform protumoral M2 macrophages into antitumoral M1 macrophages, which exhibited immunotherapy ability. The synergism trimodal of OCDs results in potent anticancer efficacy, showing great potential in cancer therapy.
Photothermal therapy (PTT) induces thermoresistance through cellular heat shock response, which impairs the therapeutic efficacy of the PTT. To resolve this problem, we developed a photothermal theranostics (denoted as PMH), which integrated the photothermal conversion agent of PdMo bimetallene with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) selected inhibitor (ACY-1215), showing the synergistic antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, under the photoacoustic imaging (PA) navigation, the released ACY-1215 triggered by NIR laser irradiation decrease the heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression and weaken the HDAC6-regulated HSP90 deacetylation, thus hindering the degradation of PTT-induced misfolded or unfold proteins through proteasome dependent pathway. Moreover, mild photothermal therapy (mPTT) treatment compromised the autophagy, which induced by HDAC6 inhibition, leading to mPTT-induced misfolded or unfold proteins further accumulation. Given that inhibition of HDAC6 plus mPTT contribute to tumor eradication. This study develops a promising combination strategy based on mPTT for future cancer treatment.
Developing multiplex sensing technique is of great significance for fast sample analysis. However, the broad emissions of most chemiluminescence (CL) luminophores make the multiplex CL analysis be difficult. In this work, a simple and sensitive CL analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of Tb3+ and Eu3+ thanking to their narrow band emission. The technique was based on a mixed CL system of periodate (IO4−)-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-rare earth complexes, in which the reactive oxygen species (ROSs) especially singlet oxygen (1O2) can transfer its energy to the complex of Tb3+/Eu3+-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and then produce the characteristic emissions of Tb3+ and Eu3+ without cross-interference. The further experiment found that the CL emissions of Tb3+ and Eu3+ could be catalyzed by the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via enhancing the yield of 1O2. The CL intensities of Tb3+ (at 490 nm) and Eu3+ (at 620 nm) increased linearly with concentration of Tb3+ and Eu3+. After the optimization of the CL sensing conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) were 5.0 × 10−9 mol/L and 8.0 × 10−7 mol/L for Tb3+ and Eu3+, respectively. Finally, the method has been applied for measuring the contents of Tb3+ and Eu3+ in leaching solution of mine sample and Tb3+/Eu3+-contained nanomaterials with satisfactory results. The present system provides a new CL technique for multiplex sensing with simplicity and high sensitivity.
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