Latest ArticlesBioorthogonal reactions can take place in biological environments without interfering with biochemical processes. In this study, Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 was used as a bioorthogonal catalyst to in situ transform the stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-gold(I)-alkyne complex 5 to its active species which can effectively inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and exhibit significant anticancer bioactivity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
In this study, two novel spherical/hollow metal-organic frameworks were successfully synthesized, and further modified by a mild non-covalent modification strategy with dopamine and 1, 4-benzenedithiol (BDT) as polymeric monomers to obtain pBDT@PDA-Ni-MOF and pBDT@PDA-Ni/Co-MOF, respectively. The results showed that the above MOFs possessed extremely fast adsorption rates and ideal adsorption capacities for sulfonamides (SAs) and the modified MOFs exhibited enhanced adsorption capacities for SAs owing to a large number of additional functional groups. Then, benefit of their regular morphology and size, a facile syringe-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (S-DSPE) method was developed for efficient detection of SAs, which will provide a powerful tool for monitoring trace level of SAs in aqueous environment.
This work reported the lanthanide ion (Gd3+) doped tungsten trioxide (Gd-WO3) nanocrystal for remarkable promoted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and simultaneous in-situ H2O2 production. With doped lanthanide ion (Gd3+), Gd-WO3 showed a much broad and enhanced solar light absorption, which not only promoted the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of organic compounds, but also provided a suitable bandgap for direct reduction of oxygen to H2O2. Additionally, the isolated Gd3+ on WO3 surface can efficiently weaken the *OOH binding energy, increasing the activity and selectivity of direct reduction of oxygen to H2O2, with a rate of 0.58 mmol L−1 g−1 h−1. The in-situ generated H2O2 can be subsequently converted to •OH based on Fenton reaction, further contributed to the overall removal of organic pollutants. Our results demonstrate a cascade photocatalytic oxidation-Fenton reaction which can efficiently utilize photo-generated electrons and holes for organic pollutants treatment.
Ultrasonography is an important complement to clinical diagnosis, and the application of microbubbles effectively improved diagnostic accuracy in echography. In scientific research, the sizes of microbubbles range from nanometers to microns. By optimizing the fabrication process, bubble sizes and ultrasound parameters, microbubbles can also be used for drug delivery and therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of microbubbles according to their different components. Modification of microbubble shells allows for more accurate imaging and detection and the combined utilization of US-targeted MB destruction (UTMD) allows for non-invasive, precise and targeted delivery of drug molecules to pathological tissues. These features pave the way for the emerge of theranostic microbubbles by combination of functional compositions and the application of multifunctional materials. Theranostic microbubbles allow for the simultaneous process of diagnosis, visualization of drug delivery and therapeutic monitoring. Ultimately, theranostic microbubbles are promising in clinical practice and would enhance contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) to a new qualitative level.
The electro-peroxone technology, a novel type of advanced oxidation technology, is widely used in wastewater treatment. Herein, this paper reviews the advantages and problems of the electro-peroxone technology compared with electrochemical oxidation technology, ozonation technology, and traditional peroxone technology. Due to the high kinetics of pollutant degradation, the electro-peroxone process can reduce the reaction time and energy consumption of pollutant treatment in wastewater. The electro-peroxone technology can promote pollutant degradation and mineralization, which shows obvious synergistic effects of electrochemical oxidation and ozonation for wastewater treatment. Most importantly, the research mechanism of the electro-peroxone technology is systematically introduced from two aspects of cathode reaction and bulk reaction. The influence of experimental parameters on the wastewater treatment effect is also discussed. Finally, the potential applications and future research directions of the electro-peroxone technology in the wastewater field are proposed. The electro-peroxone process can offer a highly efficient and energy saving water treatment method to improve the performance of existing ozonation and electrochemical systems and has therefore become a promising electrochemical advanced oxidation process for wastewater treatment.
Uranium is the main fuel of nuclear power and elimination uranium from nuclear wastewater is significant both in environmental protection and fuel recycle. Here we report for the first time the synthesis of carbon dots/polyurethane (CDs/PU) composite materials for the photoinduced elimination of uranium from water. Irradiated with visible light, CDs/PU could eliminate uranium efficiently with the generation of (UO2)O2·2H2O as solid products in air. The further investigated mechanism showed that the addition of CDs/PU could produce more H2O2 under visible light, which reacted with uranyl ions to form (UO2)O2·2H2O. Importantly, the sponge-like CDs/PU could be easily removed from water with high reusability as the elimination efficiency remained above 95% after 5 cycles. CDs/PU also displayed good selectivity in the presence of other metal ions. Our work affords exciting strategies for developing photocatalysts and eliminating uranium from water.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological tumor characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Melphalan (MEL) is commonly used in the treatment of MM and is especially essential for patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Although many drugs for MM have been developed in recent years, chemotherapy followed by ASCT remains the optimal option. Melphalan, the backbone of the conditioning regimen, brings severe toxicities at a high dose. Nanodrug delivery systems enable drugs to be highly effective and have low toxicity. In this study, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D, L-lactide) copolymer (MPEG-PDLLA) was chosen to encapsulate melphalan, and the characteristics, effectiveness, and safety of MEL/MPEG-PDLLA in vitro and in vivo were investigated. MEL/MPEG-PDLLA showed slow release and was easily engulfed by MM cells despite a result of the antitumor assay comparable to that of free melphalan in vitro. The in vivo results showed that MEL/MPEG-PDLLA could significantly alleviate tumor burden and prolong survival time without increasing the toxicity to vital organs. In addition, MEL/MPEG-PDLLA could significantly reduce the damage to the intestinal mucosa caused by melphalan. In conclusion, MEL/MPEG-PDLLA shows improved antitumor activity and has the potential to alleviate pains of MM patients undergoing ASCT.
Hydrogenation reactions play crucial roles on chemical synthesis and pollutant elimination. The improvement of the ability to activate reactants and increase of the contact probability between the catalysts and reactants are positive to improve the catalytic performance. Herein, we have reported the design of two-dimensional porous Ni-Ni3N-NiMoN heterojunction sheets (2D Mo-Ni based nanosheets) for efficient catalytic hydrogenation of the aromatic nitro-compounds. The heterojunction interfaces provide plentiful active sites to improve the activating ability of the catalyst on the reactants. Additionally, the 2D porous structure facilitates not only the contact of catalytic sites with reactants but also mass transfer and diffusion, both of which are favorable to accelerating the hydrogenation process. As a result, the optimized sample of 2D Mo-Ni sheet exhibits good activity for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro-compounds by converting 0.2 mmol/L (30 mL) of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol within 45 s with good recyclability. The activation energy and the reaction rate at 25 ℃ is 31.11 kJ/mol and 0.0796 s-1, respectively, both of which surpass most of reported non-noble metal catalysts and rivals with most noble metal-based catalysts. The combination of late and early transition metals provides an innovative way to obtain outstanding catalysts for the hydrogenation.
Adoptive immunotherapy expressing synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) on T cells through in vitro modifications represents a new and innovative strategy in cancer treatment. This new approach enables T cells to recognize and bind tumor antigens via a single-chain variable fragment recognition domain, circumventing the restriction of major histocompatibility complex. This review summarized the structure/design of CAR-T cells and the evolution process this technology went through, displaying the theoretical foundation for CAR-T therapy, the marketed products and the latest preclinical and clinical research progress. Finally, we provided perspectives on this technology's development and potential future applications, especially for treating hematological malignant and solid tumors.
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