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In order to study the influence of faults and internal karst on the propagation law of blasting seismic waves in open-pit mining, the change of seismic waves passing through faults and karst was analyzed. To collect the seismic data after blasting, monitoring points were arranged at the upper and lower walls of a large fault on the south slope and a karst cave at the+1014 m platform of the north slope of the Tangya limestone open pit mine. The Hilbert Huang transform method was used to process the original waveforms, and the changes of blasting seismic waves passing through the fault and the karst cave were analyzed by the time-spectrum energy spectrum, marginal spectrum, and instantaneous energy spectrum. The results showed that the energy attenuation of blasting seismic waves passing through the fault is very obvious. With the same vibration duration, the maximum instantaneous energy decreased from 1.7 10-5 at the front of the fault to 6.0 10-6 at the rear of the fault which was reduced to about 1/3 of the previous value. Among them, the energy at the rear of the fault in the frequency band of 60~80 Hz attenuated to 1/2 of that at front the fault. At the same time, the energy proportion of lower frequency band increased while the overall seismic wave energy decreased. The fault objectively hinders the propagation of blasting seismic waves. In addition, the energy change of blasting seismic wave was not obvious with the maximum instantaneous energy changed from 2.3 10-4 to 1.9 10-4 when it passed through the karst cave. However, the filtering effect of the high-frequency signal of seismic waves passing through the karst was obvious, and the energy distribution was more concentrated. The peak particle velocity on the rear part of the karst cave was slightly larger with an amplification coefficient of 1.10~2.53. The frequency band of energy generally developed to the low-frequency direction. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the support of rock mass above the karst.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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