In this article, the current status of processes and equipment for smelting and rolling heavy rail steel in domestic manufacturing enterprises of heavy rail is mainly introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of different steel-making processes are analyzed through comparing the technical indicators achieved by different control modes of different smelting processes, pretreatment of hot metal, smelting with oxygen top-blown converter, refining with ladle furnace (LF), vacuum degassing and continuous bloom casting; the effects of different processes on product quality and the product range that can be rolled are analyzed through comparing the process characteristics of different layout forms of rolling modes such as continuous rolling modes of universal three stands, universal three stands 2+1, universal five stands 2+2+1 and universal four stands 3+1 so that the advantages and disadvantages of different rolling processes are elaborated. In addition, the straightening machine and detection equipment of heavy rail are briefly introduced.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |