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In this article, the problem of high scrap rate caused by surface defects of a batch of seamless steel pipes for high strength hydraulic cylinders produced on site is analyzed and studied. There are mainly three categories of surface defects, they are rolling skin, pits and pitted surface by analyzing their morphology. The defects are detected and analyzed with such analytical methods as metallographic examination and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that rolling skin and pits were caused by the existing surface cracks of billet before rolling as well as pitted surface was caused due to the roll compacting of surface scale onto pipe body in the process of hot rolling. In order to eliminate the above defects, the corresponding rectification measures are taken as well as the continuous casting and rolling processes are optimized. As a result, the surface quality of products is greatly improved and scrap rate is decreased from 30.6% to 1.7%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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