Elemental concentrations of the siliciclastic sediments from a sedimentary basin provide clues on paleoweathering, paleoclimate, provenance, and tectonic setting of the basin. Records for Permo–Triassic mass extinction and climatic fluctuations are commonly traced from the sediments in the Gondwana basins. Nevertheless, our understanding on sedimentation, provenance, and regional tectonics of the Raniganj Basin, a Gondwana basin in the eastern India is poor. Minerals including clay particles and major and trace element concentrations of the siliciclastic sediments from different formations of the Raniganj Basin have been studied to establish the paleo-weathering, paleoclimate, provenance, and tectonic settings of the basin. This study suggests that the Talchir Formation experienced cold and dry climatic conditions at the sediment source area, while the Barakar, Raniganj, and Panchet formations had prevailing semiarid climates. The sources of the siliciclastic sediments are from the felsic rocks of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex (CGGC). Further, the geochemical results suggest a rift-like (passive) tectonic setting for the Raniganj Basin, while few samples represent the collision tectonic setting of the basement CGGC, formed due to collision of major Indian blocks during the Paleo-Neoproterozoic time.

NWA 16080 is a representative reduced CV carbonaceous chondrite (CV_red), consisting mainly of chondrules (47 vol%) and matrix (42 vol%), along with minor quantities of calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions (CAI) and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOA) (CAI + AOA, 6 vol%) and opaque minerals (5 vol%). The chondrules exhibit well-preserved outlines and can be categorized into Type I (Fa < 10) and Type II (Fa > 10). They primarily consist of magnesium-rich olivine, along with both low-Ca and high-Ca pyroxenes, and contain minor amounts of secondary plagioclase. Olivines present in chondrules display compositional zoning characterized whereas the matrix is composed of fine-grained olivine. Nickel-rich metal and nickel-poor sulfides are also present, along with trace amounts of magnetite. In contrast to standard oxidized CV chondrites (CV_ox), the presence of high metal, Ni-poor sulfides, and reduced magnetite in NWA 16080 indicates a more reduced parent-body environment. Shock metamorphism is classified as mild (S1), while terrestrial weathering is characterized as low (W2). Raman spectroscopy indicates a diverse spectrum of organic matter (OM) maturity: certain areas exhibit characteristics akin to other CV_red chondrites, whereas others reach maturity levels comparable to those observed in CV_ox chondrites. The Raman parameters indicate that this meteorite is classified as approximately type 3.4 to 3.5. The overlapping OM maturity with certain CV_ox chondrites provides a contradiction to the anticipated depth-thermal layering outlined in the onion-shell model. This suggests that the CV parent body probably experienced more intricate processes, including impacts and fluid-rock interactions, rather than merely depth-dependent heating.