Article(id=1315688496698864184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.396, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749657600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791614181922, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791614181922, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791614181922, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791614181922, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315688435411694395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, year='2025', volume='40', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2712', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791614167309, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791616084449, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315696476567744680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315696476571938985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2537, endPage=2542, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315688496895996473, articleId=1315688496698864184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, language=EN, title=Correlation Between Alzheimer′s Disease and Osteoporosis Based on ″Brain-Bone Axis″, columnId=1315688442386825517, journalTitle=Acta Chinese Medicine, columnName=Treatise, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Alzheimer's disease(AD)and osteoporosis(OP)are both related to the brain and correspond to the traditional Chinese medicine categories of″dementia″and″bone atrophy″,respectively.In traditional Chinese medicine,the brain is considered the sea of marrow,governing all the body's marrow.The brain marrow and bone marrow are interconnected;when the sea of marrow is abundant,the mind is vigorous,and the tendons and bones are strong and healthy.Insufficient marrow sea can lead to an inadequacy of brain marrow and bone marrow,potentially causing ″dementia″and ″osteoporosis″.Therefore,possible common pathogenic factors for AD and OP include β-amyloid deposition,estrogen deficiency,oxidative stress,vitamin deficiency,and APOE-ε4 gene expression.Exploring the correlation between AD and OP may broaden strategies for the prevention and treatment of both conditions.

, authors=Qiuyan YE1, Xue LI1, Wei GAO2, Yutong ZHANG1, Miaomiao ZHANG1, Liping ZHENG1, Honglin LI1, 3, authorsList=Qiuyan YE, Xue LI, Wei GAO, Yutong ZHANG, Miaomiao ZHANG, Liping ZHENG, Honglin LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Honglin LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315688497235735099, articleId=1315688496698864184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, language=CN, title=基于“脑-骨轴”探讨阿尔茨海默病与骨质疏松症的相关性, columnId=1315688442575569199, journalTitle=中医学报, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer'sdisease,AD)与骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis,OP)均与脑相关,分别对应中医学“痴呆”和“骨痿”范畴。中医认为,脑为髓海,统管一身之髓,脑髓与骨髓相互贯通,髓海充盈则精神充沛、筋强骨健;髓海不足可导致脑髓、骨髓不荣并诱发“痴呆”和“骨痿”。故AD与OP可能存在共同的致病因素,包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、雌激素缺乏、氧化应激、维生素缺乏和APOE-ε4基因表达等。探讨AD与OP之间的相关性,或可为防治AD与OP拓宽思路。

, authors=叶秋燕1, 李雪1, 高伟2, 张雨桐1, 张苗苗1, 郑利平1, 李虹霖1, 3, authorsList=叶秋燕, 李雪, 高伟, 张雨桐, 张苗苗, 郑利平, 李虹霖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李虹霖, authorNote=

叶秋燕(1998 -),女,四川自贡人,博士研究生,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。

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李虹霖(1981 -),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,医学博士,主任医师,博士研究生导师,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。E-mail:
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叶秋燕(1998 -),女,四川自贡人,博士研究生,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。

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叶秋燕(1998 -),女,四川自贡人,博士研究生,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。

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基于“脑-骨轴”探讨阿尔茨海默病与骨质疏松症的相关性
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叶秋燕 1 , 李雪 1 , 高伟 2 , 张雨桐 1 , 张苗苗 1 , 郑利平 1 , 李虹霖 1, 3
中医学报 | 论著 2025,40(12): 2537-2542
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中医学报 |论著 2025 , 40 (12) : 2537 -2542
基于“脑-骨轴”探讨阿尔茨海默病与骨质疏松症的相关性
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叶秋燕(1998 -),女,四川自贡人,博士研究生,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。

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叶秋燕(1998 -),女,四川自贡人,博士研究生,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。

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叶秋燕1, 李雪1, 高伟2, 张雨桐1, 张苗苗1, 郑利平1, 李虹霖1, 3
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
  • 2江苏护理职业学院,江苏淮安 223003
  • 3黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
通讯作者:
李虹霖(1981 -),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,医学博士,主任医师,博士研究生导师,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。E-mail:
作者简介:

叶秋燕(1998 -),女,四川自贡人,博士研究生,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。

Correlation Between Alzheimer′s Disease and Osteoporosis Based on ″Brain-Bone Axis″
Qiuyan YE1, Xue LI1, Wei GAO2, Yutong ZHANG1, Miaomiao ZHANG1, Liping ZHENG1, Honglin LI1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin Heilongjiang China 150040
  • 2Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an Jiangsu China 223003
  • 3The Second Affiliated Hospital to Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin Heilongjiang China 150001
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.396
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阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer'sdisease,AD)与骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis,OP)均与脑相关,分别对应中医学“痴呆”和“骨痿”范畴。中医认为,脑为髓海,统管一身之髓,脑髓与骨髓相互贯通,髓海充盈则精神充沛、筋强骨健;髓海不足可导致脑髓、骨髓不荣并诱发“痴呆”和“骨痿”。故AD与OP可能存在共同的致病因素,包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、雌激素缺乏、氧化应激、维生素缺乏和APOE-ε4基因表达等。探讨AD与OP之间的相关性,或可为防治AD与OP拓宽思路。

阿尔茨海默病  /  骨质疏松症  /  “脑-骨轴”  /  脑髓  /  骨髓

Alzheimer's disease(AD)and osteoporosis(OP)are both related to the brain and correspond to the traditional Chinese medicine categories of″dementia″and″bone atrophy″,respectively.In traditional Chinese medicine,the brain is considered the sea of marrow,governing all the body's marrow.The brain marrow and bone marrow are interconnected;when the sea of marrow is abundant,the mind is vigorous,and the tendons and bones are strong and healthy.Insufficient marrow sea can lead to an inadequacy of brain marrow and bone marrow,potentially causing ″dementia″and ″osteoporosis″.Therefore,possible common pathogenic factors for AD and OP include β-amyloid deposition,estrogen deficiency,oxidative stress,vitamin deficiency,and APOE-ε4 gene expression.Exploring the correlation between AD and OP may broaden strategies for the prevention and treatment of both conditions.

Alzheimer's disease  /  osteoporosis  /  ″brain-bone axis″  /  brain marrow  /  bone marrow
叶秋燕, 李雪, 高伟, 张雨桐, 张苗苗, 郑利平, 李虹霖. 基于“脑-骨轴”探讨阿尔茨海默病与骨质疏松症的相关性. 中医学报, 2025 , 40 (12) : 2537 -2542 . DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.396
Qiuyan YE, Xue LI, Wei GAO, Yutong ZHANG, Miaomiao ZHANG, Liping ZHENG, Honglin LI. Correlation Between Alzheimer′s Disease and Osteoporosis Based on ″Brain-Bone Axis″[J]. Acta Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 40 (12) : 2537 -2542 . DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.396
随着老龄化社会的加剧,老年群体成为社会关注的重点人群。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)和骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)均是老年人群常见的慢性退行性疾病,发病率与年龄增长呈正相关,是全球亟须解决的重大公共健康问题。
AD是最常见的老年痴呆类型,具有起病隐匿、进行性发展等特点,以记忆障碍、思维和行为障碍为主要临床表现,给患者及家庭造成了极大负担。OP是由于骨形成和骨吸收失衡,骨质流失导致骨强度降低、骨脆性和骨折风险增加的进行性全身代谢性骨病,包括原发性骨质疏松症(primary osteoporosis,POP)和继发性骨质疏松症(secondary osteoporosis,SO),严重威胁了中老年人群的身体健康[1]。
AD和OP均与“脑”相关,分别对应中医学“痴呆”和“骨痿”范畴。中医认为,脑为髓海,统管一身之髓。髓海充盈则精神充沛、筋强骨健,不足可诱发痴呆和骨痿。目前尚未发现AD与OP在病理学和临床特征上的相关性,但流行病学显示,两种疾病具有极高的共病率[2],临床表现为老年人群常合并出现认知能力和骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)下降。相关临床研究表明,相对于正常人群而言,AD患者骨密度较低且髋部骨折风险率较高,OP患者罹患AD的概率更大[3-4]。一项关于OP与认知功能损害关系的Meta分析发现,OP患者发生认知障碍的风险率更高[5],提示两种疾病之间可能存在一定的共病机制。因此,明确AD和OP在流行病学和临床上的相关性,可能对指导疾病治疗具有一定意义。本文从“脑-骨”轴出发,归纳总结AD和OP的共同致病因素,包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、雌激素缺乏等,寻找两者关联,探究有效的治疗方向,以期对AD和OP的基础研究和临床治疗提供新思路。
“脑为髓海”理论在《素问·五脏生成》中被正式提出,曰:“精汁之清者,化而为髓,由脊骨上行入脑,名曰脑髓[6]。”《灵枢·海论》云:“脑为髓之海。”《素问·奇病论》云:“髓者,以脑为主。”《内经精义》云:“益肾之精,化为髓,而藏于脑中[7]。”这些论述都阐明了脑为髓海,是人体精髓之气汇聚之所在的理论。
脑为髓海,包括脑髓、骨髓和脊髓。《难经本义》云:“髓自脑下注于大杼,大杼渗入脊心,下贯尾骶,渗诸骨节。”说明脑髓、骨髓相互贯通。《灵枢·五癃津液别》载:“膏者,内渗于骨空,补益脑髓。”指出髓海具有充养骨髓、补益脑髓,保证人体功能正常运行的作用[6]。此外,“脑为元神之府,主持五神,以调节脏腑阴阳,四肢百骸之用”(《冯氏锦囊秘录》),也提出脑与神志和肢体功能障碍相关,髓海不足参与痴呆和骨痿发病[8]。
综上,髓具有濡养脑、充养骨的功能,是脑与骨连接的桥梁。髓海不足可导致脑髓、骨髓不荣并分别诱发痴呆和骨痿。因此,本文提出以“脑为髓海”为理论根基,构建脑-骨轴框架,探讨AD与OP之间共病机制的关系。
脑主神明,主司精神、意志、思维活动,影响认知功能[9]。正如《金匮要略》所云:“头者,身之元首,人神之所注。”《医林改错》云:“灵机记性不在心而在脑[10]。”陈娜等[11]认为,高年无记性者,脑髓渐空,脑髓失养,发为痴呆。当髓海充足,脑得髓养时,人的精神活动、思维活动以及记忆功能正常。这和AD与增龄相关,以记忆、思维等认知功能障碍为临床表现相一致。可见,髓海不足、脑髓渐空是AD发病的重要原因,“脑为髓海”理论与AD密切相关。
脑为髓海,主司感觉运动,影响肢体的运动功能。《医学原始》曰:“脑颅居百体之首……以摄百肢,为运动知觉之德。”《医学薪传》曰:“在骨内髓足则骨强[12]。”《素问·痿论》曰:“骨枯而髓减,故足不任身,发为骨痿[13]。”骨之强弱与髓相关,骨髓和肢体运动功能由脑所统。据此可以推论,髓海充盈则髓足骨坚,筋骨强劲;髓海不足则骨枯痿弱,易导致骨质疏松等疾病。因此,髓海充足是骨正常的基础,“脑为髓海”理论在骨骼发育和骨功能正常与否方面具有重要作用。
综上所述,脑髓与骨髓相互贯通,认知与骨功能正常皆有赖于髓海充盈,因此,从“脑-骨”轴出发寻找AD与OP共同的发病机制具有一定可行性。
流行病学显示,AD与OP患病率呈增长趋势,且随着老龄化社会的加剧和人们对健康关注度的不断提高,相关临床研究和基础实验把更多的目光聚焦于两者的共同致病因素上。本综述通过检索CNKI、PubMed等数据库,全面概括了AD与OP可能存在的共同致病因素,包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、雌激素缺乏、氧化应激、维生素缺乏和APOE-ε4基因表达等,探讨二者之间的相关性,以期为防治AD与OP拓宽思路。
β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-β,Aβ)是淀粉样前体蛋白(amyloid precursor protein,APP)被α-、β-和γ-分泌酶切割产生的多肽水解而成[14]。Aβ是脑脊液中最早出现的病理性改变,其在大脑中异常聚集形成斑块是AD经典病理标志之一[15]。Aβ具有神经毒性,会导致突触可塑性受损和神经元凋亡,加速认知功能下降速率;同时脑内沉积的Aβ也会通过一系列信号传导加剧Aβ沉积,由此形成恶性循环[16]。Su等[17]研究发现,AD小鼠经过治疗后Aβ的外周转运及内吞作用增强,Aβ整体水平降低,小鼠记忆和学习能力相应改善。王颖等[18]研究发现,银杏二萜内酯葡胺能通过提升突触相关蛋白水平并激活下游CaMKⅡ/ERK/CREB信号通路,改善突触可塑性,减轻Aβ对大鼠造成的认知损害。可见,Aβ是导致AD的重要物质,抑制Aβ聚集,减轻Aβ造成的损伤是防治AD的关键。
在骨组织中,之前的研究已经观察到,Aβ42在骨质疏松的人和动物中表达水平均高于对照组,与骨密度水平呈负相关,说明Aβ42可能增强破骨细胞的分化和活化[19]。此外,Lin等[20]发现,Aβ能通过激活哺乳动物西罗莫司靶标蛋白改变骨矿物质密度,诱导骨形成与骨吸收失衡,导致骨丢失。一项横断面研究结果也显示,骨量减少者认知能力评分与血浆内Aβ水平呈负相关;AD患者骨密度值及认知能力评分与脑脊液中Aβ水平呈负相关[21]。这表明Aβ参与调节破骨细胞分化,影响骨形成,提示Aβ可能是连接AD与OP的桥梁,既参与损伤认知能力,也参与破坏骨稳态。
雌激素是生殖发育的重要物质基础,同时也是参与神经保护的重要物质[22]。流行病学显示,绝经后女性是AD与OP的主要患病人群,这可能与雌激素不足相关[23]。研究发现,相对于同龄男性,经历绝经期的女性Aβ沉积更显著[24],且沉积量随女性绝经期进程而增加(绝经后>围绝经期>绝经前)[25]。动物实验结果也是如此,去卵巢小鼠海马Aβ和Tau蛋白高表达,记忆能力受损严重[26];促进AD大鼠脑内雌激素受体表达能够降低Aβ蛋白水平,改善AD大鼠学习记忆能力[27]。因此,雌激素水平与认知水平呈正相关,雌激素对AD病理性改变具有一定抑制作用,可能是调节认知水平的重要因素。
雌激素是促进骨骼生长和维持骨量的有效调节剂,通过雌激素受体直接调节成骨细胞与破骨细胞稳态,雌激素不足会导致骨吸收率远大于骨形成率,是诱发OP的危险因素之一[28]。Dou等[29]观察卵巢切除小鼠发现,雌二醇具有抑制核转录因子(nuclear transcription factor kappa B,NF -κB)信号转导,阻止M2巨噬细胞转化为破骨细胞,抑制骨吸收的作用。补充的雌激素还能通过降低骨小梁丢失率促进骨重塑[30]、抑制甲状旁腺激素分泌参与骨形成[31]和增加骨密度降低骨折风险[32]等方面维持骨稳态。
因此,雌激素在神经保护和骨功能维持方面发挥重要作用,雌激素缺乏可能同时导致AD和OP发生发展,维持雌激素水平可能是防治两种疾病的有效方法之一。
活性氧(active oxygen species,ROS)参与许多细胞活动,低浓度活性氧具有刺激作用,能诱导抗氧化酶和其他防御机制表达;高浓度活性氧具有抑制作用,长期破坏氧化还原稳态会引起氧化应激(oxidative stress,OS)。研究发现,Aβ介导过氧化损伤,能增强一氧化氮生成和有毒物质释放,加剧神经元毒性[33]。Tau蛋白是导致AD的另一重要因素,过氧化损伤能通过半胱氨酸依赖性机制促进Tau蛋白异常聚集,导致神经元纤维缠结,加剧AD损伤[34]。线粒体功能障碍与金属离子的平衡都与大脑生理功能密切相关。线粒体损伤会引起氧化应激,同时金属离子紊乱沉积也会通过损害线粒体功能加剧氧化应激,从而加剧Aβ沉积和Tau蛋白磷酸化[35-36]。可见,氧化应激是诱导神经疾病、加重AD病理毒性的重要环节,维持氧化还原稳态是减轻AD损伤的重要环节。
氧化应激是破坏成骨细胞代谢,导致OP的重要致病因素之一,可能通过以下途径影响骨稳态:(1)活性氧过量诱导氧化应激,通过对蛋白质、脂质等产生氧化损伤,促进破骨、抑制成骨[37]。(2)线粒体是骨细胞增殖分化的能量供源,线粒体氧化应激会导致线粒体损害,成骨细胞活性和数量下降,造成骨退行性改变[38]。(3)骨髓间充质干细胞是维持骨稳态的重要因子,氧化应激会抑制骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化,促进骨丢失,诱发骨代谢疾病[39]。(4)雌二醇是重要的抗氧化剂,雌激素分泌减少会导致雌二醇抗氧化能力减弱,使机体处于高氧化应激水平,抑制成骨[40]。Su等[41]发现,老年小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞中的活性氧水平高于年轻小鼠,而成骨能力却更低;拮抗活性氧后成骨细胞表达相应增加。这说明活性氧释放量会随着年龄的增长增加,并抑制成骨诱导骨微结构改变,负向调节骨稳态。
综上,过氧化损伤不仅会通过加剧Aβ沉积、Tau蛋白磷酸化等方式加重认知损伤,也会抑制骨形成,诱导骨丢失。因此,氧化应激可能是AD与OP相关联的病理机制之一。
近年来,关于维生素缺乏在AD与OP领域的研究越来越多,主要集中于维生素D(vitamin D,VD)和(或)维生素K(vitamin K,VK)。
维生素D是一种类固醇维生素,对骨骼健康起决定性作用,同时也具有保护神经元、抗炎、抗氧化等保护大脑健康的作用[42]。研究发现,与对照组相比,维生素D能抑制Aβ寡聚体形成并促进其清除、减少Tau蛋白磷酸化及神经炎症,改善AD模型鼠认知水平[43]。此外,多巴胺分泌具有维持认知功能和精神行为水平的作用,维生素D参与调节多巴胺能神经元分化[44]。因此,维生素D与认知呈正相关,在减轻AD病理性改变,减少功能损伤方面发挥一定作用。维生素D作为维持骨骼发育和骨稳态所需的主要元素,在人体中参与骨代谢,促进钙磷吸收。1,25-羟维生素D3具有刺激肠道和肾脏钙吸收,保证充足的钙供应,间接调节骨稳态的作用[45]。龚华乾等[46]研究发现,黄芪可能通过上调维生素D水平,促进与成骨相关的FGF23和Klotho蛋白表达,提高成骨细胞数量和活性防治OP。可见,维生素D是保证成骨、维持骨稳态的关键物质,维生素D缺乏容易诱发骨质流失。
维生素K是一种多功能维生素,在维持人体功能上发挥重要作用。维生素K2-7对OP、AD等疾病有益[47]。Huang等[48]发现,维生素K2可通过调节PI3K信号通路和抑制Caspase-3介导的细胞凋亡,保护神经细胞。Lin等[49]发现,维生素K2能够通过激活自噬、改善线粒体功能减轻Aβ42诱导的神经毒性。此外,维生素K2还能通过抑制脂多糖诱导的NF-κB信号通路,减少小胶质细胞过度活化触发的中枢神经系统炎症反应,减轻AD导致的神经损伤。所以,维生素K在减轻神经毒性,保护神经元方面发挥作用,可能具有防治AD的效果。维生素K在维持骨骼健康方面也举足轻重。维生素K能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路、抑制NF-κB信号通路调节骨形成和骨吸收,维持骨稳态[50]。此外,维生素K还能通过介导转录调节蛋白和转运蛋白减轻过氧化损伤对骨组织造成的损害,在氧化应激环境下保护成骨细胞结构和功能,支持骨形成[37]。维生素K治疗后,卵巢切除小鼠因雌激素不足导致的骨质流失减轻,骨折风险降低[51],说明维生素K具有增加骨密度,改善骨微结构,保护骨组织的作用。
综上,维生素D和(或)维生素K能够通过减轻神经毒性、减少骨流失等方式防治AD与OP,维生素缺乏可能是两者共有的发病机制,在疾病的发生发展过程中起着重要作用。
APOE是血浆中主要的载脂蛋白之一,在中枢系统和外周系统中均有表达,能参与调节脑、骨等组织[52]。其中APOE-ε4是AD病理标志之一,可通过多途径参与调控AD,被认为是晚发性AD的最强遗传危险因子[53]。Liu等[54]研究发现,外周型APOE-ε4可能通过引发神经炎症、损害脑功能,降低大脑对Aβ的清除能力,加重AD淀粉样蛋白病理学。Therriault等[55]通过临床研究发现,APOE -ε4与内侧颞叶Tau蛋白病理发生发展关系密切。因此,APOE -ε4能够通过多种途径加重Aβ毒性和Tau蛋白磷酸化,增加罹患AD风险的同时直接参与AD导致的脑损伤。
研究发现,与对照组相比,APOE-ε4基因携带者骨密度更低[56];携带该基因的绝经期或绝经后妇女脊柱骨丢失率高出2倍[57]。这说明APOE-ε4基因与骨丢失之间存在联系。高脂血症与OP关系密切,APOE-ε4基因能通过介导胆固醇调节高脂血症,抑制骨髓间充质干细胞分化增殖影响OP[58]。APOE-ε4基因还能负向调节维生素K水平,间接影响骨密度[59]。因此,APOE-ε4基因可能通过直接或间接的不同方式影响AD和OP的发生发展,是AD与OP的潜在研究因子。
近年来,AD与OP患病率逐年增长,严重影响了患者的生活质量,增加了家庭及社会负担,是全球亟待解决的健康问题。越来越多的学者从多方面、多维度探讨两者之间的关系,虽然关于AD与OP的相关性还有很长的探索路程,但是越来越多的证据已经表明两者间存在越来越多的共病因素。因此,本综述从中西医结合角度论证AD与OP的共病机制并进行整理归纳,提出从“脑-骨轴”角度出发了解两种疾病之间的致病相关性,总结可能对临床和科研实践有利的视角和见解。

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2025年第40卷第12期
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doi: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.396
  • 接收时间:2025-06-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12
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    1黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
    2江苏护理职业学院,江苏淮安 223003
    3黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

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李虹霖(1981 -),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,医学博士,主任医师,博士研究生导师,研究方向:针灸康复治疗阿尔茨海默病。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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