Article(id=1315688485063864750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.417, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752163200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791614179148, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791614179148, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791614179148, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791614179148, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315688435411694395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, year='2025', volume='40', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2712', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791614167309, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791616084449, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315696476567744680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315696476571938985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2685, endPage=2695, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315688485449740719, articleId=1315688485063864750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, language=EN, title=Retrospective Analysis on Post-Splenectomy PVT Formation with Integrative Medicine Intervention Based on Nomogram Prediction Model, columnId=1315688484338254619, journalTitle=Acta Chinese Medicine, columnName=Clinical Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective:This study aims to explore the independent risk factors for portal vein thrombosis(PVT)formation after splenectomy and selective shunt surgery,to construct a nomogram model predicting postoperative PVT,and to clarify the clinical efficacy of inte grative medicine interventions in preventing postoperative PVT.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of inpatients undergoing splenectomy or selective shunt surgery for liver cirrhosis at the affiliated hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from August 2014 to December 2022.The study was divided into two parts:Patients were grouped into PVT and non-PVT groups based on the presence of postoperative PVT.Univariate analysis,LASSO regression,and binary logistic regression were performed on general patient characteristics,preoperative and postoperative indicators.A nomogram prediction model was then constructed,with model evaluation using ROC and calibration curves.For patients who received Western medical intervention,they were further divided into a control group and a treatment group based on whether they took traditional Chinese medicine promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The effects of intervention timing and methods on postoperative PVT formation were analyzed,along with comparisons of blood routine and coagulation indices between the two groups.Additionally,the composition of specific traditional Chinese medicines used in the integrated intervention group was statistically analyzed.Results:Analysis of independent risk factors for postoperative PVT formation and the establishment of a nomogram model:This part of the study ultimately included 227 patients,of which 112 developed PVT postoperatively,and 115 did not. Compared with the non-PVT group,patients in the PVT group had differences in age,portal vein diameter(PVD),white blood cell count(WBC)on postoperative day 1,platelet count(PLT),PLT increase,and PLT and PLT increase on postoperative days 3 and 7,all of which were statistically significant(P<0.05).According to LASSO-Logistic regression analysis,PVD and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 were independent risk factors for postoperative PVT formation.When PVD ≥ 15.1 mm and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 ≥278.5 ×109 L-1,the incidence of PVT significantly increased. Based on the Logistic regression analysis,a nomogram prediction model was constructed with an AUC value of 0.756,95% CI(0.693-0.820),and the calibration curve showed good fit,indicating good predictive performance.Evaluation of postoperative PVT formation with integrated Chinese and Western medicine intervention:This part of the study included 127 patients,of whom 60 developed PVT postoperatively,and 67 did not. Compared with the non-PVT group,patients in the PVT group-initiated intervention later,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Compared with the Western medicine intervention group,the integrated Chinese and Western medicine intervention group had a lower postoperative PVT incidence,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the integrated group also had lower levels ofWBC,PLT,D-dimer(D-D),and fibrin degradation products(FDP),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Conclusion:PVD and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 are independent risk factors for postoperative PVT formation.When PVD ≥15.1 mm and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 ≥278.5 ×109 L-1,the incidence of PVT significantly increases.Integrated Chinese and Western medicine intervention can inhibit postoperative PLT elevation,reduce WBC,D-D,and FDP levels,and decrease the occurrence of PVT.

, authors=Shijie YU1, Xiaoxiao LIU1, Taotao YIN1, Ting LEI2, authorsList=Shijie YU, Xiaoxiao LIU, Taotao YIN, Ting LEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ting LEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315688488507388364, articleId=1315688485063864750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, language=CN, title=基于列线图预测模型探讨中西医结合干预脾切除术后PVT形成的回顾性分析, columnId=1315688484510221085, journalTitle=中医学报, columnName=临床研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:本研究旨在探讨脾切除、选择性断流术后门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)形成的独立危险因素,构建预测术后PVT形成的列线图模型,明确中西医结合治疗方式干预术后PVT形成的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析陕西中医药大学附属医院住院部2014年8月至2022年12月因肝硬化行脾切除、选择性断流术患者的临床资料。具体研究内容分两部分进行:根据患者术后是否形成PVT分为PVT组与非PVT组,对两组患者的一般情况、术前指标、术后指标进行单因素分析、LASSO回归分析、二元Logistic回归分析,并构建列线图预测模型,采用ROC曲线、校准曲线对模型进行评价。根据患者术后是否服用活血化瘀类中药将接受西医干预治疗的患者分为对照组与治疗组,分析干预时间、干预方式对术后PVT形成的影响,并比较两组患者血常规及凝血指标,对中西医结合干预组患者服用的具体药物组成进行统计分析。结果:术后PVT形成的独立危险因素分析及列线图模型建立:该部分研究最终纳入227例患者,其中112例患者术后形成PVT,115例患者未形成PVT。与非PVT组比较,PVT组患者年龄、门静脉内径(portal vein diameter,PVD)、术后第1天白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、PLT增加值,术后第3、7天PLT、PLT增加值均存在差异,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经LASSO及Logistic回归分析,PVD、术后第7天PLT增加值为术后PVT形成的独立危险因素,当PVD≥15.1 mm、术后第7天PLT增加值≥ 278.5 ×109L-1时,PVT发生率显著增加。基于Logistic回归分析结果构建列线图预测模型,其AUC值为0.756,95%CI(0.693,0.820),且校准曲线拟合度较高,表明模型预测度良好。中西医结合干预术后PVT形成的疗效评估:该部分研究共纳入127例患者,其中60例患者术后形成PVT,67例患者未形成PVT。与非PVT组比较,PVT组患者启动干预时间更晚,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与西医干预组比较,中西医结合干预组患者术后PVT发生率更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与西医干预组比较,中西医结合干预组患者治疗后WBC、PLT、D-二聚体(D-Dimer,D-D)、纤维蛋白原降解产物(fibrin degradation products,FDP)水平更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PVD和术后第7天PLT增加值为术后PVT形成的独立危险因素,当PVD≥15.1 mm、术后第7天PLT增加值≥278.5 ×109L-1时,PVT发生率将显著增加;中西医结合干预方式可以抑制患者术后PLT增长,降低WBC、D-D、FDP水平,减少PVT的发生。

, authors=于世杰1, 刘孝笑1, 殷涛涛1, 雷霆2, authorsList=于世杰, 刘孝笑, 殷涛涛, 雷霆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=雷霆, authorNote=

于世杰(1999 -),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中西医结合防治肝胆外科疾病。

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雷霆,教授。E-mail:
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于世杰(1999 -),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中西医结合防治肝胆外科疾病。

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于世杰(1999 -),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中西医结合防治肝胆外科疾病。

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一般资料总数(n=227)非PVT组(n=115)PVT组(n=112)t/χ2值P值
性别/例(%)0.7400.39
女女115(50.7)62(53.9)53(47.3)
男112(49.3)53(46.1)59(52.7)
年龄/岁48.9 ±11.7451.1 ±12.2146.64 ±10.822.9040.004
出血史/例(%)0.0540.816
无131(57.7)65(56.5)66(58.9)
有96(42.3)50(43.5)46(41.1)
内镜治疗史/例(%)3.5960.058
无206(90.7)109(94.8)97(86.6)
有21(9.3)6(5.2)15(13.4)
高血压/例(%)0.7100.399
无215(94.7)107(93.0)108(96.4)
有12(5.3)8(7.0)4(3.6)
糖尿病/例(%)1.5420.214
无211(93.0)104(90.4)107(95.5)
有16(7.0)11(9.6)5(4.5)
冠心病/例(%)0.6320.683
无221(97.4)111(96.4)110(98.2)
有6(2.6)4(3.5)2(1.8)
手术方式/例(%)1.6310.202
开腹121(53.3)56(48.7)65(58.0)
腔镜106(46.7)59(51.3)47(42.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1315688492634583560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组患者一般资料比较

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一般资料总数(n=227)非PVT组(n=115)PVT组(n=112)t/χ2值P值
性别/例(%)0.7400.39
女女115(50.7)62(53.9)53(47.3)
男112(49.3)53(46.1)59(52.7)
年龄/岁48.9 ±11.7451.1 ±12.2146.64 ±10.822.9040.004
出血史/例(%)0.0540.816
无131(57.7)65(56.5)66(58.9)
有96(42.3)50(43.5)46(41.1)
内镜治疗史/例(%)3.5960.058
无206(90.7)109(94.8)97(86.6)
有21(9.3)6(5.2)15(13.4)
高血压/例(%)0.7100.399
无215(94.7)107(93.0)108(96.4)
有12(5.3)8(7.0)4(3.6)
糖尿病/例(%)1.5420.214
无211(93.0)104(90.4)107(95.5)
有16(7.0)11(9.6)5(4.5)
冠心病/例(%)0.6320.683
无221(97.4)111(96.4)110(98.2)
有6(2.6)4(3.5)2(1.8)
手术方式/例(%)1.6310.202
开腹121(53.3)56(48.7)65(58.0)
腔镜106(46.7)59(51.3)47(42.0)
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指标总数(n=227)非PVT组(n=115)PVT组(n=112)T/Z/χ2值P值
WBC/×109L-12.3(1.6,3.2)2.1(1.5,3.1)2.4(1.7,3.2)-1.5180.129
RBC/×1012L-13.39 ±0.593.36 ±0.603.43 ±0.58-0.8600.391
HCT/%29.6(26.7,32.8)29.5(26.2,33.2)29.8(27.1,32.0)-0.1610.873
HGB(ρ/g·L-1)93(84,105)92(83,106)94(85,103)-0.1200.905
PLT/×109L-143(32,60)41(28,60)44(33,57)-1.1040.311
ALT/U·L-124(17,36)23(17,35)25(18,37)-0.6010.549
AST/U·L-130(23,40)30(23,42)30(23,40)-0.4430.659
ALB(ρ/g·L-1)36.89 ±4.3236.90 ±4.4636.88 ±4.200.0260.979
TBIL(c/μmol·L-1)23.3(17.4,33.1)22.9(17.4,33.4)23.6(17.2,33.1)-0.8450.399
Cr(c/μmol·L-1)53(44,63)53(45,61)53(44,64)-0.1730.864
PT(t/d)13.7(12.4,14.9)13.6(12.35,14.8)13.85(12.5,15.0)-1.0250.306
PTA/%66.9(55.8,82.2)66.9(56.8,82.2)66.8(55.3,81.8)-0.3920.696
PTR1.2(1.1,1.3)1.18(1.1,1.3)1.21(1.1,1.3)-1.0400.299
INR1.19(1.08,1.31)1.17(1.08,1.29)1.21(1.09,1.32)-1.1980.231
APTT(t/s)38.1(33.1,45.0)37.5(32.6,45.7)38.7(33.3,43.5)-0.1270.899
TT(t/t)18.8(17.1,20.2)18.9(17.4,20.4)18.7(16.9,19.6)-1.8520.064
FIB(ρ/g·L-1)1.7(1.3,2.0)1.8(1.4,2.1)1.6(1.3,1.9)-1.8260.068
D-D(ρ/mg·L-1)0.9(0.5,2.0)0.8(0.5,2.0)1(0.6,2.0)-1.1570.248
FDP(ρ/g·L-1)2.5(1.5,5.6)2.2(1.5,5.6)3.4(1.6,5.6)-1.5150.130
PVD(d/mm)15(14,17)15(14,16)16(15,19)-5.308<0.001
Child分级/例(%)0.0070.932
A级103(45.4)53(46.1)50(44.6)
B级124(54.6)62(53.9)62(55.4)
MELD评分/分9(8,11)9(7,11)10(8,11)-1.1630.245
DIC评分/分2(2,4)2(2,4)3(2,4)-1.1600.246
), ArticleFig(id=1315688492785578506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组患者术前指标比较

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指标总数(n=227)非PVT组(n=115)PVT组(n=112)T/Z/χ2值P值
WBC/×109L-12.3(1.6,3.2)2.1(1.5,3.1)2.4(1.7,3.2)-1.5180.129
RBC/×1012L-13.39 ±0.593.36 ±0.603.43 ±0.58-0.8600.391
HCT/%29.6(26.7,32.8)29.5(26.2,33.2)29.8(27.1,32.0)-0.1610.873
HGB(ρ/g·L-1)93(84,105)92(83,106)94(85,103)-0.1200.905
PLT/×109L-143(32,60)41(28,60)44(33,57)-1.1040.311
ALT/U·L-124(17,36)23(17,35)25(18,37)-0.6010.549
AST/U·L-130(23,40)30(23,42)30(23,40)-0.4430.659
ALB(ρ/g·L-1)36.89 ±4.3236.90 ±4.4636.88 ±4.200.0260.979
TBIL(c/μmol·L-1)23.3(17.4,33.1)22.9(17.4,33.4)23.6(17.2,33.1)-0.8450.399
Cr(c/μmol·L-1)53(44,63)53(45,61)53(44,64)-0.1730.864
PT(t/d)13.7(12.4,14.9)13.6(12.35,14.8)13.85(12.5,15.0)-1.0250.306
PTA/%66.9(55.8,82.2)66.9(56.8,82.2)66.8(55.3,81.8)-0.3920.696
PTR1.2(1.1,1.3)1.18(1.1,1.3)1.21(1.1,1.3)-1.0400.299
INR1.19(1.08,1.31)1.17(1.08,1.29)1.21(1.09,1.32)-1.1980.231
APTT(t/s)38.1(33.1,45.0)37.5(32.6,45.7)38.7(33.3,43.5)-0.1270.899
TT(t/t)18.8(17.1,20.2)18.9(17.4,20.4)18.7(16.9,19.6)-1.8520.064
FIB(ρ/g·L-1)1.7(1.3,2.0)1.8(1.4,2.1)1.6(1.3,1.9)-1.8260.068
D-D(ρ/mg·L-1)0.9(0.5,2.0)0.8(0.5,2.0)1(0.6,2.0)-1.1570.248
FDP(ρ/g·L-1)2.5(1.5,5.6)2.2(1.5,5.6)3.4(1.6,5.6)-1.5150.130
PVD(d/mm)15(14,17)15(14,16)16(15,19)-5.308<0.001
Child分级/例(%)0.0070.932
A级103(45.4)53(46.1)50(44.6)
B级124(54.6)62(53.9)62(55.4)
MELD评分/分9(8,11)9(7,11)10(8,11)-1.1630.245
DIC评分/分2(2,4)2(2,4)3(2,4)-1.1600.246
), ArticleFig(id=1315688492848493067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总数(n=227)非PVT组(n=115)PVT组(n=112)Z/χ2值P值
术后第1天
WBC/×109L-114.49(11.61,17.34)13.38(10.60,16.58)15.43(11.97,17.36)-2.1450.032
PLT/×109L-173(52,94)62(48,85)82(60,108)-3.414<0.001
PLT增加值/×109L-128(14,43)23(9,39)32(19,51)-3.825<0.001
术后第3天
WBC/×109L-113.73(11.03,16.48)13.72(11.03,16.42)13.82(11.11,16.76)-0.3420.733
PLT/×109L-1129(92,184)112(76,147)152(112,216)-4.82<0.001
PLT增加值/×109L-180(48,132)68(38,94)106(65,154)-5.062<0.001
术后第7天
WBC/×109L-18.72(7.43,10.25)8.64(7.31,9.86)8.91(7.63,10.75)-1.2680.205
PLT/×109L-1258(185,384)226(166,297)338(216,423)-4.736<0.001
PLT增加值/×109L-1219(142,342)180(121,236)293(167,378)-4.82<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1315688492928184844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组患者术后指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总数(n=227)非PVT组(n=115)PVT组(n=112)Z/χ2值P值
术后第1天
WBC/×109L-114.49(11.61,17.34)13.38(10.60,16.58)15.43(11.97,17.36)-2.1450.032
PLT/×109L-173(52,94)62(48,85)82(60,108)-3.414<0.001
PLT增加值/×109L-128(14,43)23(9,39)32(19,51)-3.825<0.001
术后第3天
WBC/×109L-113.73(11.03,16.48)13.72(11.03,16.42)13.82(11.11,16.76)-0.3420.733
PLT/×109L-1129(92,184)112(76,147)152(112,216)-4.82<0.001
PLT增加值/×109L-180(48,132)68(38,94)106(65,154)-5.062<0.001
术后第7天
WBC/×109L-18.72(7.43,10.25)8.64(7.31,9.86)8.91(7.63,10.75)-1.2680.205
PLT/×109L-1258(185,384)226(166,297)338(216,423)-4.736<0.001
PLT增加值/×109L-1219(142,342)180(121,236)293(167,378)-4.82<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493007876621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素BSEWaldPOR95%CI
门静脉内径0.2810.06419.359<0.0011.3251.169,1.502
术后第7天PLT增加值0.0050.00117.070<0.0011.0051.003,1.007
常量-5.6251.04229.130<0.0010.004-
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493070791182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

影响术后PVT形成的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素BSEWaldPOR95%CI
门静脉内径0.2810.06419.359<0.0011.3251.169,1.502
术后第7天PLT增加值0.0050.00117.070<0.0011.0051.003,1.007
常量-5.6251.04229.130<0.0010.004-
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493146288655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别总数(n=127)未发生PVT(n=67)发生PVT(n=60)Z值P值
西医干预组83(65.4)38(45.8)45(54.2)4.6730.031
中西医结合干预组44(34.6)29(65.9)15(34.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493209203216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同干预方式术后PVT发生率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别总数(n=127)未发生PVT(n=67)发生PVT(n=60)Z值P值
西医干预组83(65.4)38(45.8)45(54.2)4.6730.031
中西医结合干预组44(34.6)29(65.9)15(34.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493276312081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总数(n=127)西医干预组(n=83)中西医结合干预组(n=44)T/Z值P值
WBC/×109L-110.25(7.49,13.36)9.67(7.43,13.36)11.17(7.57,13.56)-0.5950.552
RBC/×1012L-13.79 ±0.563.77 ±0.573.83 ±0.55-0.6590.511
HCT/%33.84 ±4.5233.51 ±4.4134.47 ±4.69-1.1440.255
PLT/×109L-1232(117,381)231(127,335)242(103,340)-0.4310.667
CRP(ρ/mg·L-1)41.0(23.1,64.8)41.0(24.8,62.6)42.6(20.9,76.8)-0.2910.771
PT(t/s)13.78 ±1.4613.77 ±1.5313.80 ±1.33-0.1320.895
PTA/%71.1(62.8,78.4)71.7(63.7,81.3)68.4(57.6,76.8)-1.5830.113
PTR1.16(1.11,1.21)1.16(1.09,1.21)1.15(1.11,1.25)-0.7100.478
INR1.16(1.11,1.23)1.16(1.09,1.21)1.16(1.11,1.26)-0.7480.454
APTT(t/s)38.4(33.5,42.5)38.4(33.5,42.5)38.6(35.0,43.0)-0.4990.618
TT(t/s)17.7(16.6,18.6)17.6(16.4,18.6)17.7(16.7,18.5)-0.3290.742
FIB(ρ/g·L-1)2.6(2.0,3.0)2.5(2.1,3.0)2.8(2.0,3.1)-0.8700.385
D-D(ρ/g·L-1)16.1(10.6,22.0)16.5(10.0,22.7)16.0(11.0,20.8)-0.4180.676
FDP(ρ/g·L-1)40.1(29.1,50.5)40.1(29.5,52.6)40.5(24.7,49.9)-1.0740.283
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493347615250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同干预方式治疗前指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总数(n=127)西医干预组(n=83)中西医结合干预组(n=44)T/Z值P值
WBC/×109L-110.25(7.49,13.36)9.67(7.43,13.36)11.17(7.57,13.56)-0.5950.552
RBC/×1012L-13.79 ±0.563.77 ±0.573.83 ±0.55-0.6590.511
HCT/%33.84 ±4.5233.51 ±4.4134.47 ±4.69-1.1440.255
PLT/×109L-1232(117,381)231(127,335)242(103,340)-0.4310.667
CRP(ρ/mg·L-1)41.0(23.1,64.8)41.0(24.8,62.6)42.6(20.9,76.8)-0.2910.771
PT(t/s)13.78 ±1.4613.77 ±1.5313.80 ±1.33-0.1320.895
PTA/%71.1(62.8,78.4)71.7(63.7,81.3)68.4(57.6,76.8)-1.5830.113
PTR1.16(1.11,1.21)1.16(1.09,1.21)1.15(1.11,1.25)-0.7100.478
INR1.16(1.11,1.23)1.16(1.09,1.21)1.16(1.11,1.26)-0.7480.454
APTT(t/s)38.4(33.5,42.5)38.4(33.5,42.5)38.6(35.0,43.0)-0.4990.618
TT(t/s)17.7(16.6,18.6)17.6(16.4,18.6)17.7(16.7,18.5)-0.3290.742
FIB(ρ/g·L-1)2.6(2.0,3.0)2.5(2.1,3.0)2.8(2.0,3.1)-0.8700.385
D-D(ρ/g·L-1)16.1(10.6,22.0)16.5(10.0,22.7)16.0(11.0,20.8)-0.4180.676
FDP(ρ/g·L-1)40.1(29.1,50.5)40.1(29.5,52.6)40.5(24.7,49.9)-1.0740.283
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493427307027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总数(n=127)西医干预组(n=83)中西医结合干预组(n=44)T/Z值P值
WBC/×109L-15.96(4.91,7.49)6.52(5.08,7.73)5.26(4.75,6.94)-2.3260.020
RBC/×1012L-13.88 ±0.553.84 ±0.543.96 ±0.58-1.1600.248
HCT/%34.3(31.2,38.4)34.3(31,38.1)35.0(31.4,39.0)-0.7270.467
PLT(ρ/g·L-1)398(296,565)439(318,593)354(235,465)-2.4040.016
CRP(ρ/mg·L-1)7.9(5.0,13.2)8.1(5.0,16.9)7.8(5.0,10.0)-0.7820.434
PT(t/s)13.1(12.3,13.8)13.2(12.3,13.8)12.9(12.2,13.6)-0.6460.518
PTA/%77.1(70.4,83.0)77.1(70.4,83.2)77.4(70.2,82.4)-0.6280.530
PTR1.12(1.06,1.18)1.13(1.06,1.18)1.12(1.06,1.16)-0.3930.694
INR1.13(1.06,1.19)1.13(1.06,1.20)1.12(1.06,1.18)-0.3520.725
APTT(t/s)34.8(32.1,37.7)34.1(31.8,37.1)36.0(32.2,38.2)-1.2640.206
TT(t/s)18.4(17.1,19.5)18.5(17.1,19.5)18.35(17.1,19.05)-0.8950.371
FIB(ρ/g·L-1)2.69 ±0.762.63 ±0.772.79 ±0.75-1.1570.249
D-D(ρ/g·L-1)7.0(5.0,11.3)8.7(6.2,12.5)5.1(3.5,6.7)-0.493<0.001
FDP(ρ/g·L-1)15.7(10.2,25.0)18.6(12.8,30.0)11.6(6.9,15.4)-4.426<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1315688493506998804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, articleId=1315688485063864750, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同干预方式治疗后指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总数(n=127)西医干预组(n=83)中西医结合干预组(n=44)T/Z值P值
WBC/×109L-15.96(4.91,7.49)6.52(5.08,7.73)5.26(4.75,6.94)-2.3260.020
RBC/×1012L-13.88 ±0.553.84 ±0.543.96 ±0.58-1.1600.248
HCT/%34.3(31.2,38.4)34.3(31,38.1)35.0(31.4,39.0)-0.7270.467
PLT(ρ/g·L-1)398(296,565)439(318,593)354(235,465)-2.4040.016
CRP(ρ/mg·L-1)7.9(5.0,13.2)8.1(5.0,16.9)7.8(5.0,10.0)-0.7820.434
PT(t/s)13.1(12.3,13.8)13.2(12.3,13.8)12.9(12.2,13.6)-0.6460.518
PTA/%77.1(70.4,83.0)77.1(70.4,83.2)77.4(70.2,82.4)-0.6280.530
PTR1.12(1.06,1.18)1.13(1.06,1.18)1.12(1.06,1.16)-0.3930.694
INR1.13(1.06,1.19)1.13(1.06,1.20)1.12(1.06,1.18)-0.3520.725
APTT(t/s)34.8(32.1,37.7)34.1(31.8,37.1)36.0(32.2,38.2)-1.2640.206
TT(t/s)18.4(17.1,19.5)18.5(17.1,19.5)18.35(17.1,19.05)-0.8950.371
FIB(ρ/g·L-1)2.69 ±0.762.63 ±0.772.79 ±0.75-1.1570.249
D-D(ρ/g·L-1)7.0(5.0,11.3)8.7(6.2,12.5)5.1(3.5,6.7)-0.493<0.001
FDP(ρ/g·L-1)15.7(10.2,25.0)18.6(12.8,30.0)11.6(6.9,15.4)-4.426<0.001
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基于列线图预测模型探讨中西医结合干预脾切除术后PVT形成的回顾性分析
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于世杰 1 , 刘孝笑 1 , 殷涛涛 1 , 雷霆 2
中医学报 | 临床研究 2025,40(12): 2685-2695
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中医学报 |临床研究 2025 , 40 (12) : 2685 -2695
基于列线图预测模型探讨中西医结合干预脾切除术后PVT形成的回顾性分析
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于世杰1, 刘孝笑1, 殷涛涛1, 雷霆2
作者信息
  • 1陕西中医药大学第一临床医学院,陕西 咸阳 712000
  • 2陕西中医药大学第一附属医院,陕西 咸阳 712000
通讯作者:
雷霆,教授。E-mail:
作者简介:

于世杰(1999 -),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中西医结合防治肝胆外科疾病。

Retrospective Analysis on Post-Splenectomy PVT Formation with Integrative Medicine Intervention Based on Nomogram Prediction Model
Shijie YU1, Xiaoxiao LIU1, Taotao YIN1, Ting LEI2
Affiliations
  • 1The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi China 712000
  • 2The First Affiliated Hospital to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi China 712000
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.417
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目的:本研究旨在探讨脾切除、选择性断流术后门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)形成的独立危险因素,构建预测术后PVT形成的列线图模型,明确中西医结合治疗方式干预术后PVT形成的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析陕西中医药大学附属医院住院部2014年8月至2022年12月因肝硬化行脾切除、选择性断流术患者的临床资料。具体研究内容分两部分进行:根据患者术后是否形成PVT分为PVT组与非PVT组,对两组患者的一般情况、术前指标、术后指标进行单因素分析、LASSO回归分析、二元Logistic回归分析,并构建列线图预测模型,采用ROC曲线、校准曲线对模型进行评价。根据患者术后是否服用活血化瘀类中药将接受西医干预治疗的患者分为对照组与治疗组,分析干预时间、干预方式对术后PVT形成的影响,并比较两组患者血常规及凝血指标,对中西医结合干预组患者服用的具体药物组成进行统计分析。结果:术后PVT形成的独立危险因素分析及列线图模型建立:该部分研究最终纳入227例患者,其中112例患者术后形成PVT,115例患者未形成PVT。与非PVT组比较,PVT组患者年龄、门静脉内径(portal vein diameter,PVD)、术后第1天白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、PLT增加值,术后第3、7天PLT、PLT增加值均存在差异,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经LASSO及Logistic回归分析,PVD、术后第7天PLT增加值为术后PVT形成的独立危险因素,当PVD≥15.1 mm、术后第7天PLT增加值≥ 278.5 ×109L-1时,PVT发生率显著增加。基于Logistic回归分析结果构建列线图预测模型,其AUC值为0.756,95%CI(0.693,0.820),且校准曲线拟合度较高,表明模型预测度良好。中西医结合干预术后PVT形成的疗效评估:该部分研究共纳入127例患者,其中60例患者术后形成PVT,67例患者未形成PVT。与非PVT组比较,PVT组患者启动干预时间更晚,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与西医干预组比较,中西医结合干预组患者术后PVT发生率更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与西医干预组比较,中西医结合干预组患者治疗后WBC、PLT、D-二聚体(D-Dimer,D-D)、纤维蛋白原降解产物(fibrin degradation products,FDP)水平更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PVD和术后第7天PLT增加值为术后PVT形成的独立危险因素,当PVD≥15.1 mm、术后第7天PLT增加值≥278.5 ×109L-1时,PVT发生率将显著增加;中西医结合干预方式可以抑制患者术后PLT增长,降低WBC、D-D、FDP水平,减少PVT的发生。

门静脉血栓  /  脾切除、选择性断流术  /  血瘀证  /  中西医结合  /  肝硬化  /  门静脉内径  /  血小板

Objective:This study aims to explore the independent risk factors for portal vein thrombosis(PVT)formation after splenectomy and selective shunt surgery,to construct a nomogram model predicting postoperative PVT,and to clarify the clinical efficacy of inte grative medicine interventions in preventing postoperative PVT.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of inpatients undergoing splenectomy or selective shunt surgery for liver cirrhosis at the affiliated hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from August 2014 to December 2022.The study was divided into two parts:Patients were grouped into PVT and non-PVT groups based on the presence of postoperative PVT.Univariate analysis,LASSO regression,and binary logistic regression were performed on general patient characteristics,preoperative and postoperative indicators.A nomogram prediction model was then constructed,with model evaluation using ROC and calibration curves.For patients who received Western medical intervention,they were further divided into a control group and a treatment group based on whether they took traditional Chinese medicine promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The effects of intervention timing and methods on postoperative PVT formation were analyzed,along with comparisons of blood routine and coagulation indices between the two groups.Additionally,the composition of specific traditional Chinese medicines used in the integrated intervention group was statistically analyzed.Results:Analysis of independent risk factors for postoperative PVT formation and the establishment of a nomogram model:This part of the study ultimately included 227 patients,of which 112 developed PVT postoperatively,and 115 did not. Compared with the non-PVT group,patients in the PVT group had differences in age,portal vein diameter(PVD),white blood cell count(WBC)on postoperative day 1,platelet count(PLT),PLT increase,and PLT and PLT increase on postoperative days 3 and 7,all of which were statistically significant(P<0.05).According to LASSO-Logistic regression analysis,PVD and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 were independent risk factors for postoperative PVT formation.When PVD ≥ 15.1 mm and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 ≥278.5 ×109 L-1,the incidence of PVT significantly increased. Based on the Logistic regression analysis,a nomogram prediction model was constructed with an AUC value of 0.756,95% CI(0.693-0.820),and the calibration curve showed good fit,indicating good predictive performance.Evaluation of postoperative PVT formation with integrated Chinese and Western medicine intervention:This part of the study included 127 patients,of whom 60 developed PVT postoperatively,and 67 did not. Compared with the non-PVT group,patients in the PVT group-initiated intervention later,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Compared with the Western medicine intervention group,the integrated Chinese and Western medicine intervention group had a lower postoperative PVT incidence,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the integrated group also had lower levels ofWBC,PLT,D-dimer(D-D),and fibrin degradation products(FDP),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Conclusion:PVD and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 are independent risk factors for postoperative PVT formation.When PVD ≥15.1 mm and PLT increase on postoperative day 7 ≥278.5 ×109 L-1,the incidence of PVT significantly increases.Integrated Chinese and Western medicine intervention can inhibit postoperative PLT elevation,reduce WBC,D-D,and FDP levels,and decrease the occurrence of PVT.

portal vein thrombosis  /  splenectomy and selective shunt surgery  /  liver cirrhosis  /  blood stasis syndrome  /  integrative medicine  /  portal vein diameter  /  platelet
于世杰, 刘孝笑, 殷涛涛, 雷霆. 基于列线图预测模型探讨中西医结合干预脾切除术后PVT形成的回顾性分析. 中医学报, 2025 , 40 (12) : 2685 -2695 . DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.417
Shijie YU, Xiaoxiao LIU, Taotao YIN, Ting LEI. Retrospective Analysis on Post-Splenectomy PVT Formation with Integrative Medicine Intervention Based on Nomogram Prediction Model[J]. Acta Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 40 (12) : 2685 -2695 . DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.417
门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)是指门静脉主干、肝内门静脉分支、脾静脉、肠系膜静脉内部分或完全血栓形成[1]。肝硬化、腹部恶性肿瘤、先天性基因突变、腹部感染、外科手术等多种因素均可导致PVT的形成,其中以肝硬化和脾切除术最为常见[2-3]。脾切除术后,血小板清除速度降低,机体内的血小板可增多正常的2~6倍,PVT的发病率会显著提升[4]。因此,合理的干预术后PVT是临床治疗的重点与难点。
中医文献并无关于PVT的记载,但究其根本应属“血瘀证”范畴。中医认为,本病主要由于病程日久,肝气不疏,耗气伤血,加之手术创伤,导致气血双亏所致。气滞则血行不畅,脉络瘀阻;气虚则血行无力,加重血瘀之象[5]。中医治疗当以益气补血、化瘀通络为主,具有安全有效、不良反应少的优势。
本研究采用单中心回顾性研究的方法,探讨影响术后PVT形成的危险因素,建立预测术后PVT形成的列线图模型,并观察中西医结合干预术后PVT的临床疗效,为临床进行脾切除、选择性断流术后PVT的及时有效干预提供依据。
回顾性分析2014年8月至2022年12月在陕西中医药大学附属医院住院部因肝硬化行脾切除、选择性断流术患者的临床资料。本研究已通过陕西中医药大学附属医院伦理审查委员会审批,批号:SZFYIEC-PJ-2023年第24号。
肝硬化诊断标准参考《肝硬化诊治指南》[6]。(1)组织学符合肝硬化诊断。(2)内镜显示食管胃静脉曲张或消化道异位静脉曲张,除外非肝硬化性门静脉高压。(3)B超、LSM或CT等影像学检查提示肝硬化或门静脉高压特征:如脾大、门静脉≥1.3 cm,LSM测定符合不同病因的肝硬化诊断界值。(4)无组织学、内镜或影像学检查者,以下检查指标异常提示存在肝硬化(需符合4条中2条):①PLT<100 ×109 L-1,且无其他原因可以解释;②人血白蛋白<35 g·L-1,排除营养不良或肾脏疾病等其他原因;③国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)>1.3或PT延长(停用溶栓或抗凝药7d以上);④天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)/PLT比率指数(APRI):成人APRI评分>2分。
以上4条满足1条即可确诊。
PVT诊断标准参考《肝硬化门静脉血栓管理专家共识(2020年,上海)》[7]:具有典型的影像学表现即可确诊为PVT。超声表现为静脉管腔内高回声或等回声填充物;CT或MRI表现为门静脉管腔内充盈缺损。
(1)符合西医肝硬化诊断标准;(2)住院期间行脾切除、选择性断流术。
(1)合并有恶性肿瘤、血液、免疫系统疾病患者;(2)术前存在门静脉血栓患者;(3)长期服用抗凝药物患者;(4)围手术期死亡患者;(5)行二次手术患者;(6)临床资料不完整、残缺过多患者。
根据患者术后并发PVT与否分为PVT组与非PVT组。
(1)一般情况:性别、年龄、上消化道出血病史、内镜治疗病史、基础疾病(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病)、手术方式。(2)术前指标:白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、红细胞比容(hematokrit,HCT)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、血小板(blood platelet,PLT)、丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、AST、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、肌酐(creatinine,Cr)、血浆凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、凝血酶原活动度(prothrombin activity,PTA)、凝血酶原时间比率(prethrombin time ratio,PTR)、国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、凝血酶时间(thrombin time,TT)、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)、D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)、纤维蛋白原降解物(fibrinogen degradation products,FDP)、门静脉内径(partal vein diameter,PVD)、Child -Pigh分级、MELD评分、DIC评分。所有术前实验室指标均为患者手术前最近一次检查指标。(3)术后指标:WBC、PLT、PLT增加值(PLT增加值为术后PLT与术前PLT差值)。所有术后实验室指标均为患者术后第1、3、7天检查指标。
将术后进行干预治疗患者根据是否口服活血化瘀类中药分为西医干预组与中西医结合干预组。西医干预组给予西医抗凝治疗;中西医结合干预组在西医干预基础上给予活血化瘀类中药。
(1)疗效指标:PVT发生率;(2)血常规指标:WBC、RBC、HCT、PLT、CRP;(3)凝血指标:PT、PTA、PTR、INR、APTT、TT、FIB、D -D、FDP;(4)中药药物使用频次统计。
采用Excel 2019软件进行数据收集和整理,构建脾切除、选择性断流术患者资料数据库。运用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。对计量资料进行正态性检验,符合正态分布的计量资料采用均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料采用中位数(四分位数)[M(Q25,Q75)]表示,组间比较采用非参数Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料采用卡方检验;采用R4.3.1进行LASSO回归筛选变量,二元Logistic回归分析筛选独立危险因素,并建立列线图预测模型,使用ROC曲线和校准曲线对列线图进行评价。
本研究符合纳入标准患者304例,共排除77例,其中21例术前存在PVT,22例患有肝恶性肿瘤,18例临床资料缺失过多,10例围手术期死亡,4例二次手术,2例患有系统性红斑狼疮,最终纳入227例患者,术后形成PVT共112例,占49.3%,未形成PVT共115例,占50.7%。两组患者性别、出血史、内镜治疗史、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、手术方式等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。PVT组患者年龄为(46.64 ±10.82)岁,非PVT组患者年龄为(51.10 ± 12.21)岁,两组患者年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
两组患者WBC、RBC、HCT、HGB、PLT、ALT、AST、ALB、TBIL、Cr、PT、PTA、PTR、INR、APTT、TT、FIB、D -D、FDP、Child -Pigh分级、MELD评分、DIC评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PVT组患者PVD为16(15,19)mm,非PVT组患者PVD为15(14,16)mm,PVT组患者PVD宽于非PVT组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),见表2。
两组患者术后第3、7天WBC比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PVT组患者术后第1天WBC、PLT、PLT增加值>非PVT组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);PVT组患者术后第3天PLT、PLT增加值>非PVT组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);PVT组患者术后第7天WBC、PLT、PLT增加值>非PVT组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),见表3。
分析各变量间相关性并绘制相关性热图,见图1。WBC、RBC、PLT、HGB、ALB、PT、FIB等多个变量间存在较强相关性。为筛除相关性较小的因素,提高模型预测效能,选用LASSO回归进行后续分析。以PVT发生与否为自变量,以患者一般情况、术前指标、术后指标为因变量进行统计分析,见图2。随着惩戒系数λ增加,筛选得到的变量越少。通过交叉验证确定最佳λ值并划线,即λ.min值和λ.1se值,见图3。本研究选用λ.1se值为最佳值进行后续分析,筛选得到的变量分别为:PVD、术后第7天PLT增加值。
以PVT发生与否为自变量,PVD、术后第7天PLT增加值为因变量进行二元Logistic回归分析,见表4。PVD、术后第7天PLT增加值为术后PVT形成的独立危险因素(P<0.001)。
对PVD与术后PVT形成关系进行进一步分析,绘制ROC曲线,见图4。ROC结果显示:AUC值为0.702 [95%CI(0.634,0.770)],约登指数为0.302,灵敏度为58%,特异度为72.2%,PVD最佳临界值为15.1 mm。
对术后第7天PLT增加值与术后PVT形成关系进行分析,绘制ROC曲线,见图5。ROC结果显示:AUC值为0.685[95%CI(0.615,0.755)],约登指数为0.379,灵敏度为52.7%,特异度为85.2%,术后第7天PLT增加值最佳临界值为278.5 × 109 L-1。
根据Logistic回归分析结果构建PVD与术后第7天PLT增加值联合预测术后PVT的列线图,见图6。使用ROC曲线及校准曲线对列线图模型进行评价见图7、图8。ROC分析结果显示:AUC值为0.757[95% CI(0.693,0.820)],灵敏度为75%,特异度为67.8%。校准曲线结果显示:平均误差值为0.009,列线图预测曲线与实际曲线高度拟合,说明列线图模型预测效能良好。
最终纳入的227例患者中共有127例患者术后接受西医干预治疗,其中PVT组60例,占比47.2%;非PVT组67例,占比52.8%。PVT组患者启动干预时间为术后第7(4,9)天,非PVT组患者启动干预时间为术后第5(2,8)天,PVT组患者术后启动干预时间晚于非PVT组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
127例患者根据不同的干预方式分为西医干预组83例,中西医结合干预组44例。两组患者术后PVT发生率比较见表5。西医干预组未形成PVT的共38例,占比45.8%,形成PVT的共45例,占比54.2%;中西医结合干预组未形成PVT的共29例,占比65.9%,形成PVT的共15例,占比34.1%,中西医结合干预组患者术后PVT发生率低于西医干预组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
两组患者干预前血常规及凝血六项分析见表6。两组患者干预前WBC、RBC、HCT、PLT、CRP、PT、PTA、PTR、INR、APTT、TT、FIB、D-D、FDP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
两组患者干预后血常规及凝血六项分析见表7。两组患者干预后RBC、HCT、CRP、PT、PTA、PTR、INR、APTT、TT、FIB比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。西医干预组患者WBC为6.52(5.08,7.73)×109 L-1、PLT为439(318,593)×109 L-1、D -D为8.7(6.2,12.5)μg·L-1、FDP为18.6(12.8,30.0)mg·L-1,中西医结合干预组患者WBC为5.26(4.75,76.94)× 109 L-1、PLT为354(235,465)×109 L-1、D -D为5.1(63.48,6.67)μg·L-1、FDP为11.6(6.9,15.4)mg·L-1。中西医结合干预组患者治疗后WBC、PLT、D -D、FDP低于西医干预组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
对中西医结合干预组44例患者口服中药组方药物频次进行统计见图9。在使用频率排名前15位的中药中,共有活血化瘀类中药3味,分别是川芎、当归、丹参。
PVT是脾切除术后常见并发症之一,血栓主要位于门静脉管腔内,也可蔓延至肝内外静脉分支,其病因多归结于Virchow三联征:血流速度减慢、血液高凝状态和细胞内皮功能损伤[8]。大多数PVT患者缺乏典型临床表现,在诊治过程中易被忽视。研究表明,PVT的形成与门静脉高压严重程度、肝硬化腹水、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血等密切相关[9]。
本研究回顾性分析陕西中医药大学附属医院2014年8月至2022年12月脾切除、选择性断流术患者临床资料,选用LASSO及Logistic回归对患者一般情况、术前指标、术后指标进行筛选,研究结果表明,PVD和术后第7天PLT增加值为术后并发PVT的独立危险因素。
研究指出,过宽的PVD是术后PVT形成的危险因素[10]。PVD是反映门静脉系统血流动力学的重要指标,PVD增宽则血流速度减慢,术前PVD越宽,术后门静脉压力下降越大,血液流速越慢,则PVT发生概率越大[11-12]。PVD增宽的同时扩大了内皮细胞空间,导致内膜下胶原纤维暴露,激活内源性凝血途径,增加血栓形成的风险[13]。本研究发现,PVD≥15.1 mm术后PVT的发生风险将显著增加,表明过宽的PVD是术后PVT产生的危险因素。因此,在临床中应关注患者术前PVD,必要时术后早期给予干预治疗。
PLT增加是术后并发PVT的另一重要危险因素。肝硬化脾功能亢进时,肿大的脾脏内瘀滞大量血液,且脾脏破坏能力增强,导致血小板减少,脾切除后,失去脾脏灭活功能的限制,血小板在短时间内大量增加,最终导致PVT的形成。研究均表明,高PLT可以预测术后PVT的形成[14-15]。本研究发现,PLT增加值≥278.5×109 L-1时,PVT发生率将显著提高。除PLT外,有研究表明,血小板功能与PVT的形成密切相关[16]。相较于血常规、凝血六项,血栓弹力图可以更好地反映血小板功能及凝血状态。研究发现,血栓弹力图对PVT具有良好的预测效果[17-18]。因此,在临床中除血常规、凝血六项外,术后定期复查血栓弹力图对PVT形成也具有良好的预测作用。
及时有效地干预是治疗术后PVT形成的首选方式。本研究发现,非PVT组患者开始干预时间为术后第5(2,8)天,早于PVT组患者术后第7(4,9)天,提示早期干预可以防止PVT的产生。预防术后PVT形成的干预方式多为抗凝治疗,然而关于术后早期使用抗凝药物一直存在些许争议,其争议焦点主要集中在出血风险与收益情况方面。有研究认为,术后过早使用抗凝药物会加重内源性凝血障碍,使患者出血风险增大[11]。有研究表明,术后预防性抗凝治疗安全有效[19]。Wang等[20]对300例脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术患者进行回顾性研究,经长期随访发现,术后抗凝治疗安全有效,能够降低PVT发生率和再出血率,延长患者总体生存期。术后早期应用LMWH等抗凝药物具有良好的安全性和有效性[21-22]。
桃红四物汤、补阳还五汤等中药经方已被证实可以预防术后PVT的形成[5]。本研究中中西医结合干预组患者PVT共15例,占比34.1%,西医干预组患者PVT共45例,占比54.2%,中西医结合干预组PVT发生率明显低于西医干预组(P<0.05),说明中西医结合干预方式能够减少术后PVT的发生。进一步分析发现,中西医结合干预组患者治疗后WBC、PLT、D -D、FDP水平低于西医抗凝组(P<0.05)。PLT为第一部分研究中术后PVT形成的独立危险因素,说明中西医结合干预治疗可以通过改善危险因素降低PVT的发生率。WBC虽然不是影响术后PVT形成的危险因素,但在单因素分析中,PVT组与非PVT组患者术后第1天WBC比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WBC是机体炎症反应的重要指标。有研究指出,机体炎症指标失调可以激活全身凝血系统,导致血栓形成[23]。此外,局部炎症反应可能会导致血管内皮细胞进一步受损,促进PVT的产生[24]。D-D作为纤维蛋白原降解产物,是反映机体纤溶系统激活的准确标志物[25]。D-D表达水平升高代表血液呈高凝状态,提示机体血栓形成的概率较大[26]。Dai等[27]对21项研究进行Meta分析发现,D-D水平升高是肝硬化PVT形成的重要指标,且可用于预测术后PVT的形成。Zheng等[9]研究发现,PVT组与非PVT组患者术后第7、14天D -D表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义,且术后第14天D-D水平达到最大值,是预测PVT的重要指标。FDP为机体纤溶抗凝产物,是反映机体凝血功能的主要指标。Huang等[28]研究表明,FDP是脾切除术后PVT形成的危险因素,当FDP≥38.6 mg·L-1时,PVT发生率将显著增加。综上所述,D-D、FDP与PVT的形成密切相关。本研究表明,中西医结合干预治疗可以通过抑制D-D、FDP水平,降低术后PVT的发生率。因此,中西医结合干预治疗方式可以通过改善影响PVT形成的危险因素,进而降低PVT的发生率。
PVT属中医“血瘀证”范畴。肝硬化患者肝病日久,肝失条达,气机不畅,加之手术创伤、气血亏虚,气虚则血行无力,气滞则血行不畅,日久终成气虚、血虚、气滞、血瘀的虚实夹杂之象。治疗时应益气补血、化瘀通络。本研究对中西医结合干预组患者口服中药进行统计分析,排名前15位的药物中共有3味活血化瘀中药,分别是川芎、当归、丹参。川芎能够活血行气止痛,其主要成分川芎嗪可以降低P2Y12、CD26p、PAC-1的表达水平,抑制血小板聚集及炎症介质的释放,发挥抗血小板、保护血管内皮细胞的功能[29],并且川芎嗪可以通过PI3K/AKT通路降低Ca2+及血栓素A2的表达发挥抗血小板作用[30]。体外实验研究证明,川芎嗪还可以通过降低p38MAPK和NF -κB信号通路活性抑制血小板黏附[31]。当归具有补血活血的作用功效。其主要成分阿魏酸可以延长PT、APTT、TT时间,抑制血栓形成[32]。Hong等[33]研究指出,阿魏酸可以激活细胞内环核苷酸通路抑制血小板聚集,从而发挥抗血栓作用。丹参具有祛瘀通络、凉血止痛的作用功效。丹参素可以降低线粒体DNA和活性氧的表达,有效抑制血小板活化,预防血栓形成且不增加机体出血风险[34]。此外,丹参的另一有效成分咖啡酸能够降低P-选择素及ATP的表达,发挥抗血小板聚集的功效[35]。这些研究均表明,活血化瘀类中药具有良好的抗血栓作用,其临床应用有待进一步发掘。
本研究基于陕西中医药大学附属医院单中心临床经验构建了适用于本中心的列线图预测模型,为临床医师及时有效干预术后PVT提供了基础。但本研究仍有不足:列线图预测模型的建立以回顾性数据为基础,未进行巢式病例对照分析,今后可以对列线图模型进行临床应用,通过前瞻性试验检验列线图模型的临床适用性;中药川芎、当归、丹参治疗PVT的具体作用机制有待进一步研究,下一步研究可以通过网络药理学研究及动物实验深入探讨川芎、当归、丹参治疗PVT的具体作用分子机制。
本研究回顾性分析了陕西中医药大学附属医院住院部因肝硬化行脾切除、选择性断流术患者的临床资料,第一部分研究探讨影响术后PVT形成的危险因素,并构建列线图预测模型,结果表明PVD和术后第7天PLT增加值为术后PVT形成的独立危险因素,当PVD≥15.1mm、术后第7天PLT增加值≥278.5×109 L-1时,PVT发生率显著增加;该部分研究为临床医师在脾切除、选择性断流术后干预PVT的时机选择上提供了准确的数据依据。第二部分研究评估中西医结合方式干预术后PVT的临床疗效,研究发现中西医结合干预方式可以抑制患者术后PLT增长,降低WBC、D -D、FDP水平,减少PVT的发生。该部分研究为临床医师干预术后PVT提供了更多治疗方案,并挖掘了川芎、当归、丹参3味常用中药,为临床医师的中药配伍选择提供了依据。

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doi: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.417
  • 接收时间:2025-07-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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    1陕西中医药大学第一临床医学院,陕西 咸阳 712000
    2陕西中医药大学第一附属医院,陕西 咸阳 712000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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