Article(id=1315688529959695218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.401, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750867200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791614189852, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791614189852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791614189852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791614189852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315688435411694395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, year='2025', volume='40', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2712', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791614167309, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791616084449, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315696476567744680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315696476571938985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, issueId=1315688435411694395, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2564, endPage=2568, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315688530769195891, articleId=1315688529959695218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, language=EN, title=Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on ″Food Stagnation,Water Retention and Improper Living Circumstances Being Root of Disease″, columnId=1315688442386825517, journalTitle=Acta Chinese Medicine, columnName=Treatise, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The saying of″Food stagnation,Water retention and improper living circumstances being root of disease″comes from Su Wen ·Bi Lun,which means that diet is also an important factor in the occurrence of Bi syndrome.If diet is imbalanced,the internal organs become disharmonious,the skin and interstices lose their proper function opening and closing,and the acupoints are not firm enough to protect the Evil Factors,which leads to the three pathogenic energies of Wind,Cold,and Dampness to invade,to flow into the Zang and Fu organs,and to generate disease.In the early onset of rheumatoid arthritis(RA),the etiology and pathogenesis are due to dietary obstruction,stagnation of Qi and accumulation of Dampness,leading to stasis and Bi syndrome.During the active stage,it is caused by prolonged dietary accumulation,damage to the Yang of the Middle Jiao,and the Damp-Heat and blood stasis obstruction.During remission period,it is characterized by deficiency of the Zang and Fu organs,deficiency of the Zheng Qi with excess pathogenic factors,and lingering obstruction causing Bi syndrome. Clinical treatment of Bi syndrome should be based on the retention of pathogenic factors from food and drink to promote digestion,regulate Qi to relieve Dampness,unblocking the meridians,and removing Bi syndrome.Treatment should also combine differentiation according to the strength of pathogens and the condition of the organs to apply methods such as resolving Dampness,promoting blood circulation,tonifying deficiency,and tonifying Yang to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.In the early stage of RA,treatment should focus on promoting digestion,regulating Qi and transforming Dampness,unblocking the meridians,and removing Bi syndrome,by using Dayangwei Decoction combined with Zhizhong Decoction;in the active stage,treatment should focus on resolving stagnation,expelling retained fluids,tonifying the Stomach and tonifying Yang,eliminating Dampness-Heat and blood stasis,by using Shizao Decoction combined with Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction;in the remission stage,treatment should focus on tonifying the Zang and Fu organs,supporting the Zheng Qi to expel pathogens,removing stagnation and Bi syndrome,by using Wubi Shanyao Pill or Anshen Pill.

, authors=Tingwei ZHANG, Min ZHANG, authorsList=Tingwei ZHANG, Min ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Min ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315688531251540853, articleId=1315688529959695218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121837170065538, language=CN, title=从“食饮居处,为其病本”论治类风湿关节炎, columnId=1315688442575569199, journalTitle=中医学报, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

“食饮居处,为其病本”出自《素问·痹论》,论述了饮食同样是痹证发生的重要因素,若饮食失调,则脏腑不合,腠理开合失调,腧穴不固,“风、寒、湿”三气易趁虚而入,流于脏腑,化生疾病。类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)初发期病因病机为饮食阻滞,气滞湿聚,凝滞化痹;活动期为饮食久聚,中阳受损,湿热瘀阻;缓解期为脏腑亏虚,正虚邪实,留滞为痹。临证治疗痹证时,应根据食、饮二邪的滞留情况以消食化饮,通经除痹,并结合正邪盛衰及脏腑虚实辨证论治,施用化湿、通瘀、补虚、升阳等治法,以达到相应的治疗效果。RA初期,应治以消食化饮,调气化湿,通经除痹,予大养胃汤合治中汤;RA活动期,应治以化滞涤饮,益胃升阳,除湿热瘀,予十枣汤合升阳散火汤;RA缓解期,应治以补益脏腑,扶正祛邪,除滞消痹,予无比山药丸或安肾丸。

, authors=张婷玮, 张敏, authorsList=张婷玮, 张敏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张敏, authorNote=

张婷玮(1999 -),女,广东佛山人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。

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张敏,男,安徽蚌埠人,医学博士,主任医师,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。E-mail:
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张婷玮(1999 -),女,广东佛山人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。

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从“食饮居处,为其病本”论治类风湿关节炎
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张婷玮 , 张敏
中医学报 | 论著 2025,40(12): 2564-2568
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中医学报 |论著 2025 , 40 (12) : 2564 -2568
从“食饮居处,为其病本”论治类风湿关节炎
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张婷玮(1999 -),女,广东佛山人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。

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张婷玮(1999 -),女,广东佛山人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。

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张婷玮, 张敏
作者信息
  • 广州中医药大学附属广东中西医结合医院,广东 佛山 528000
通讯作者:
张敏,男,安徽蚌埠人,医学博士,主任医师,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。E-mail:
作者简介:

张婷玮(1999 -),女,广东佛山人,硕士研究生,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on ″Food Stagnation,Water Retention and Improper Living Circumstances Being Root of Disease″
Tingwei ZHANG, Min ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Guangdong Hospitalof Integrated Traditionaland Western Medicine Affiliatedto Guangzhou Universityof Chinese Medicine, Foshan Guangdong China 528000
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.401
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“食饮居处,为其病本”出自《素问·痹论》,论述了饮食同样是痹证发生的重要因素,若饮食失调,则脏腑不合,腠理开合失调,腧穴不固,“风、寒、湿”三气易趁虚而入,流于脏腑,化生疾病。类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)初发期病因病机为饮食阻滞,气滞湿聚,凝滞化痹;活动期为饮食久聚,中阳受损,湿热瘀阻;缓解期为脏腑亏虚,正虚邪实,留滞为痹。临证治疗痹证时,应根据食、饮二邪的滞留情况以消食化饮,通经除痹,并结合正邪盛衰及脏腑虚实辨证论治,施用化湿、通瘀、补虚、升阳等治法,以达到相应的治疗效果。RA初期,应治以消食化饮,调气化湿,通经除痹,予大养胃汤合治中汤;RA活动期,应治以化滞涤饮,益胃升阳,除湿热瘀,予十枣汤合升阳散火汤;RA缓解期,应治以补益脏腑,扶正祛邪,除滞消痹,予无比山药丸或安肾丸。

类风湿关节炎  /  “食饮居处,为其病本”  /  大养胃汤  /  治中汤  /  十枣汤  /  升阳散火汤  /  无比山药丸  /  安肾丸

The saying of″Food stagnation,Water retention and improper living circumstances being root of disease″comes from Su Wen ·Bi Lun,which means that diet is also an important factor in the occurrence of Bi syndrome.If diet is imbalanced,the internal organs become disharmonious,the skin and interstices lose their proper function opening and closing,and the acupoints are not firm enough to protect the Evil Factors,which leads to the three pathogenic energies of Wind,Cold,and Dampness to invade,to flow into the Zang and Fu organs,and to generate disease.In the early onset of rheumatoid arthritis(RA),the etiology and pathogenesis are due to dietary obstruction,stagnation of Qi and accumulation of Dampness,leading to stasis and Bi syndrome.During the active stage,it is caused by prolonged dietary accumulation,damage to the Yang of the Middle Jiao,and the Damp-Heat and blood stasis obstruction.During remission period,it is characterized by deficiency of the Zang and Fu organs,deficiency of the Zheng Qi with excess pathogenic factors,and lingering obstruction causing Bi syndrome. Clinical treatment of Bi syndrome should be based on the retention of pathogenic factors from food and drink to promote digestion,regulate Qi to relieve Dampness,unblocking the meridians,and removing Bi syndrome.Treatment should also combine differentiation according to the strength of pathogens and the condition of the organs to apply methods such as resolving Dampness,promoting blood circulation,tonifying deficiency,and tonifying Yang to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.In the early stage of RA,treatment should focus on promoting digestion,regulating Qi and transforming Dampness,unblocking the meridians,and removing Bi syndrome,by using Dayangwei Decoction combined with Zhizhong Decoction;in the active stage,treatment should focus on resolving stagnation,expelling retained fluids,tonifying the Stomach and tonifying Yang,eliminating Dampness-Heat and blood stasis,by using Shizao Decoction combined with Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction;in the remission stage,treatment should focus on tonifying the Zang and Fu organs,supporting the Zheng Qi to expel pathogens,removing stagnation and Bi syndrome,by using Wubi Shanyao Pill or Anshen Pill.

rheumatoid arthritis  /  ″food stagnation,Water retention and improper living circumstances being root of disease″  /  Dayangwei Decoction  /  Zhizhong Decoction  /  Shizao Decoction  /  Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction  /  Wubi Shanyao Pill  /  Anshen Pill
张婷玮, 张敏. 从“食饮居处,为其病本”论治类风湿关节炎. 中医学报, 2025 , 40 (12) : 2564 -2568 . DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.401
Tingwei ZHANG, Min ZHANG. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on ″Food Stagnation,Water Retention and Improper Living Circumstances Being Root of Disease″[J]. Acta Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 40 (12) : 2564 -2568 . DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.401
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)为一种以进行性、侵蚀性关节炎症为主的自身免疫性疾病,其病程漫长、预后不佳,且药物副作用较大,给患者生活质量带来较大的影响[1]。中医学将RA归属于“痹证”“历节病”等范畴,《素问·痹论》言:“痹……食饮居处,为其病本也。六腑亦各有俞……风寒湿气中其俞,而食饮应之,循俞而入,各舍其腑也。”认为痹证的发生除与传统观点认为的“风、寒、湿”三气夹杂而至有关外,食邪、饮邪同样可导致RA的发生及发展。故本文基于“食饮居处,为其病本”理论,结合现代医学观点探讨食邪、饮邪引发RA的理论依据,整理RA各发展时期的病因病机,并总结古籍中治疗痹证的相关治法及方剂,从而为认识与治疗RA提供新的思路与启发。
饮食水谷对人体正常生命活动有重要影响,正如《素问·六节藏象论》所言:“五味入口……气和而生,津液相成,神乃自生。”饮食依赖脾胃运化为水谷精微散布全身,充养五脏六腑,助精微物质生化以滋养腠理,濡养筋骨肌肉,并在外防御外邪侵袭人体。
若饮食不节致运化失济,食饮则留滞肠胃,影响腠理及脏腑的生理运行。《素问·气交变大论》云:“食饮不下,寒中肠鸣,泄注腹痛,暴挛痿痹。”讲述了食饮不下则肠道传化功能失调,寒邪中生,发而为痹。同时,由于气血津液化生无源,腠理失去营卫之气荣养故开合失度,外邪因而侵袭,并可致邪气留于筋骨肌肉,日久发而为痹。《灵枢·贼风》云:“饮食不适……腠理闭而不通……则血气凝结,与故邪相袭,则为寒痹。”因此,正如《灵枢·本脏》所云:“寒温和则六腑化谷,风痹不作,经脉通利,肢节得安矣。”
“食饮居处,为其病本”出自《素问·痹论》,论述了饮食同样是痹证发生的重要因素。《黄帝内经》认为,饮食与痹证的关系不可忽视,若饮食失调,则脏腑不合,腠理开合失调,腧穴不固,“风、寒、湿”三气易乘虚循俞而入,流于脏腑,化生疾病。
《素问·太阴阳明论》认为“食饮不节者,阴受之”,而“邪入于阴则痹”,提示饮食不节可使阴分受损,致筋脉失养发为痹证,为饮食不节导致痹证提供基本理论依据。而在《素问·痹论》篇中,不仅指出“饮食自倍,肠胃乃伤”可导致痹证发生,还描述了水液失司、肠道传化功能失调可致痹证,为食邪、饮邪致病提供了直接理论依据。通过对相关古籍论述进行研究,结合RA的临床症状及当前临床研究发现,食邪、饮邪可分别导致RA的发病,并可贯穿疾病全过程。
食邪多因脾胃运化功能、小肠泌别清浊功能、大肠传导功能等失调而成,其滞留于中焦,致中焦运化不济,引起经气不利,久则胃阳不得四布,四肢活动不利[2]。有研究表明,食物在RA的风险及进展中起核心作用,如过度摄入精致碳水化合物、红肉、钠盐、富含饱和脂肪酸等食物可导致RA的加剧,而地中海饮食、益生菌等易于消化的食物或饮食模式可有助于改善RA的进展[3-5],这与中医相关理论相契合。
饮邪则由于肠道功能失司、水液代谢失调所致,其质地清晰、流动性强[6],既可直接留滞于筋骨关节间致痹[7],又可流于其他脏腑或部位,导致相关脏腑功能失调,并导致RA的发生。正如《金匮要略·痰饮咳嗽病脉证并治》所言:“胸中有留饮,其人短气而渴,四肢历节痛[8]。”提示饮邪同样可导致RA的发生。
现代医学研究表明,饮食结构或代谢异常可引起肠道微生物群的平衡紊乱。有研究表明,肠道微生物群可通过调节免疫反应、影响肠道屏障,在维持机体生理和免疫稳态中起着重要作用,其改变可能与包括RA在内的多种炎症疾病的发生有关。这充分说明了肠道功能的失常、相关微生物群平衡紊乱可致RA的发生[9-12],也提示了食饮之邪可致RA的发生及进展。
RA初发之时,食、饮两邪留滞于肠胃,则气机受阻,痰湿内生。该时期食、饮两邪致病多以阻滞于中焦、影响中焦气化功能为主,脾胃作为气机升降之枢纽,将水谷精微“上归于肺”,并借助肺之宣肃向全身输布水谷精微,濡养全身脏腑经络。若中焦气化不利,则食饮之邪积滞于中焦,阻碍正常运化,此时营卫之气生化无源,致肌肉不振、关节不利,五脏六腑“不得营运之气”,出现肌肉沉重、关节活动不利等症状。日久脾土不振,枢机不利,津液输布障碍,则化生痰湿游于全身肌肉关节,阻滞局部气血津液运行。与此同时,由于食饮阻滞,脾土不行,营卫气生化不足,机体防御功能失职,故易感外邪,与痰湿夹杂,一同凝滞于脉络,流于四肢肌肉关节,致关节局部气机失调,血运不畅,逐渐失于荣养,发为RA。
现代医学认为,饮食代谢失调可致肠道菌群紊乱,而肠道微生物在RA的早期阶段可能发挥关键作用[13]。特定的肠道微生物组成变化可能作为RA的早期诊断标志,具有一定诊断意义[10]。同时,食物摄入的增多可在一定程度上影响RA的发生,促进炎症因子的产生[14]。临床上,RA初期多以关节不适为主要症状,如晨僵、关节活动受限等关节症状,并多以累及手部小关节、腕、肘、膝、踝等四肢关节为主,累及关节外者可见皮下结节,与该病机所导致的症状体征相符。
当RA处于活动期时,由于食、饮二邪积聚于中焦日久,致脾胃运化失调,痰湿内盛。《脾胃论》曰:“脾胃不足为百病之始[15]。”食、饮二邪困滞日久,中焦阳气受困,脾阳不升,致水湿不化,阻滞经络,引发RA的发生,而脾虚所致的湿邪亢盛,又可作为病因进一步损伤阳气而致病。《素问·生气通天论》认为“阳气者,柔则养筋”,机体可通过阳气升发、发散之功祛除外来病邪[16]。该时期,关节局部既因实邪致脾胃受损,中阳不足,气血生化无源,关节失于濡养,易受外界邪气进一步发病,发而为痹;又有食饮实邪及痰湿病理产物遏制中阳于脾土,致脾胃运化不利,邪气同时留于四肢无法消散,郁而发热,引发RA活动期相关表现,既可见以关节的红肿热痛、骨质破坏为主的关节炎症,也可见多系统的自身免疫反应,如RA所致的贫血[17]、RA相关肺间质疾病的明显进展[18]等。
该时期食、饮阻滞中焦致气机郁滞,故血液运行不畅,局部瘀血形成。同时,由于食饮之邪致痰湿壅盛,热邪炼津成痰,而后痰浊可通过阻滞经络,致局部瘀血形成,久则多种邪气夹杂,变生为毒邪,致使关节红肿热痛,并引发机体各项炎症指标的升高,甚则可破坏骨质,引起关节变形,严重者可通过影像学检查到不同程度的骨破坏。
现代医学研究表明,肠道菌群可能通过影响免疫功能和代谢调节,参与RA的炎症过程,并通过影响肠道免疫反应和免疫细胞的迁移,促进关节炎症[12]。有研究将正常人与RA患者的粪便及RF、CRP等RA指标进行对比,发现粪便中的双歧杆菌及类杆菌与相关炎症因子呈负相关,提示肠道菌群的失调可能与RA相关,并明显影响相关生化指标[19]。也有研究表明,IL-6、TNF-α等类风湿相关因子可参与关节炎症反应及骨关节代谢,对RA进展有一定影响[20]。而对于瘀血与肠道菌群致RA方面,有研究表明,瘀血也可通过影响肠道免疫屏障诱发或加重RA的进展[21]。故该时期若治疗不当,可导致RA患者预后不良,对其生活质量造成较大的影响。
当RA处于缓解期时,由于炎症水平的下降,患者关节疼痛、肿胀、发热等情况有所好转,但此时关节多见脱位、变形、僵硬等典型的类风湿手、足等表现。正气受损严重,脏腑损伤,运化功能失调,故尽管原有食、饮之邪留于体内日久,机体仍以脏腑亏虚,食、饮两邪与痰湿、瘀血等实邪内阻为主要病机,脏腑损伤严重,故食、饮两邪仍在体内难以化解,与病理产物一同留滞为痹,影响脏腑的正常运作。
缓解期多由RA活动期发展而来,由于活动期RA患者体内正邪交争亢盛,耗伤气血津液,形成的湿热瘀等病理产物仍滞留于全身各处,疾病发作日久则邪气入络,深入骨髓,盘踞筋骨,损伤脏腑经络,甚则破坏骨质,引起关节的变形。同时,该时期尽管热毒之邪已消退,但由于久痹精血耗伤,肝肾不足,局部关节气血虚弱,无以濡养,表现为RA常见的腰膝关节酸软,关节周围组织萎缩,机体失于荣养,故脉络空虚,精血不足,表现为RA常见的全身营养不良、消瘦、肝脾淋巴结肿大等。
现代研究表明,肠道菌群的平衡与RA骨关节破坏有较大的关联性。有学者在研究骨关节炎大鼠软骨细胞保护机制的实验中发现,肠道变形菌等肠道菌群的平衡可对大鼠的骨关节起到保护作用[22]。同时,肠黏膜屏障的正常运行,可促进机体的免疫进而降低关节炎大鼠关节炎指数,起到缓解关节炎症状及改善关节骨破坏的作用[23]。因此,肠道菌群的正常平衡对维持免疫系统稳态有重要作用,并可在一定程度上缓解关节破坏[20]。
“食饮居处,为其病本”为从食、饮两邪论治RA提供了理论依据。通过查阅相关古籍论述,可发现有不少医家在治疗痹证时根据食、饮二邪的滞留情况以消食化饮,通经除痹,并结合正邪之盛衰及脏腑虚实辨证论治,施用化湿、通瘀、补虚、升阳等治法,以达到相应的治疗效果。
RA初期,患者食、饮两邪仅以影响脏腑气化功能为主,故可以消食化饮,调气化湿之法,通过祛除新发食饮之邪,疏通气机,并辅以补气、温中等方法减少病理产物的生成及阻止病理产物的积聚,从而疏通经络,通经除痹。
《三因极一病证方论》中针对饮食伤脾,宿谷不化所致三焦不调、四肢冷痹者施以大养胃汤及治中汤治疗[8]。以大养胃汤为例,其方如下:厚朴(去皮)、生姜(各二两)、肥枣(三两,锉,同上三味炒)、白术、山药(炒)、人参、川芎、橘皮、当归、五味子、藿香、甘草(炙)、枇杷叶(刷毛,姜炙)、黄芪(各一两)。该方用生姜以“主痰水气满,下气;生与干并治嗽,疗时疾,止呕吐不下食[24]”(《药性论》),配以人参等补益药以顾护正气,防止行气太过伤及中焦。在行气方面,该方以厚朴调气消化饮食,配以藿香化湿、枇杷叶降气等燥化体内水湿之邪,防止邪气留于肌肉筋骨,导致痹证的发生。而治中汤药味则较为简单,仅使用陈皮、青皮理气消滞,并辅以大黄助食饮通下。
同时,《圣济总录》中对饮食不下之肠痹施以木香丸和诃黎勒汤[25]。以木香丸为例,其方如下:木香(一两)、诃黎勒(煨,用皮一两半)、白术(一两)、桂枝(去粗皮一两)、附子(炮裂,去皮脐二两)、芜荑(微炒一两)、高良姜(锉一两)、肉豆蔻(去壳半两)、厚朴(去粗皮,生姜汁炙过二两)、干姜(炮三分)、甘草(炙,锉半两)。该方使用了木香、肉豆蔻,《雷公炮制药性解》谓木香“健脾胃,消食积,定呕逆,下痰壅[26]。”《药性论》则认为肉豆蔻“治宿食不消,痰饮[24]。”两者可通过健运脾胃消除食、饮二邪。除上述两药外,该方还配以附子、干姜等温里散寒之品温化中焦,意在补助阳气、温热脾胃,促进饮食运化及水液代谢,从而缓解因食饮之邪阻滞所导致的痹证。
当RA发展至活动期,此时由于食饮日久损伤脾胃,致中焦阳气郁于中土,四肢阳气不达,无以温养。同时,脾胃受损加剧,痰湿等病理产物也可随之生成,日久积聚,则局部湿热蕴结。故在治疗上当以升脾阳,化实邪为主。
在祛实邪方面,由于食饮二邪留久不易化解,故当峻下逐邪,荡涤肠胃。以十枣汤为例,《医方集解》言:“治壮实人风痰郁热,肢体麻痹,走注疼痛,湿热肿满,气血壅滞,不得宣通,及积痰翻胃[27]。”分析该方可知,该方通过甘遂等峻下逐水之品,荡涤肠胃之邪,疏通壅塞之气血,并加以大枣顾护中焦防止过伤正气,从而宣通水气,化邪散痹。同时,该书也记载了豨莶丸可用于风痹走痛及风湿诸疮[27],利用豨莶草行大肠之气以祛除肠中病邪,达到相应的治疗效果。
在补益中阳方面,《脾胃论》多使用益胃升阳之法治疗食饮伤胃,中阳不足,热伏中土所致的四肢关节疼痛、发热,通过升发中焦阳气,从而运化中焦不化之饮食,代表方剂如升阳散火汤[15]:生甘草(二钱)、防风(二钱五分)、炙甘草(三钱)、升麻、葛根、独活、白芍、羌活、人参(以上各五钱)、柴胡(八钱)。该方用少量升麻、柴胡、葛根,意在升提中气,有“火郁发之”之意。《脾胃论》中根据痹证不同的病机使用不同药物辨证论治,如针对湿重的益胃升阳汤,可见羌活、独活同用;针对气虚较重的调中益气汤,则以黄芪为君“补上气,从阴引阳”。尽管该时期RA可见明显热象,但该类方剂未投以大量清热药,而是以升提阳气,宣发郁热为主,既有解郁除热的效果,也促进脾胃功能的恢复。这也启示该时期不可单纯从实热之象认识RA,需要同时考虑疾病可由虚实夹杂所致郁热引发,并配以升提中气之品,从而达到“火郁发之”的目的。
当RA发展至缓解期,脏腑及肌肉筋骨无以濡养,故机体可出现不同程度的虚劳现象。尽管此时实邪仍阻滞中焦而影响各脏腑功能,但此时机体以正虚为主,叶天士言:“大凡络虚,通补最宜[28]。”故当补益脏腑以扶正祛邪,除滞消痹。
《太平惠民和剂局方》中所载无比山药丸[29]可治疗五劳七伤而见冷痹骨疼。《普济方》所载安肾丸[30]同样可温补肾阳,温肾固精缩尿以消食止渴,长肌肉,逐寒湿及诸冷痹,并温暖下焦,兼治下焦虚寒之癥结痰饮。以无比山药丸为例:熟干地黄(酒浸)、赤石脂(煅)、巴戟天(去心)、茯神(去皮、木)、山茱萸(去核)、牛膝(剉,酒浸)、泽泻(各二两)、干山药(二两)、五味子(拣,六两)、肉苁蓉(酒浸,四两)、菟丝子(酒浸,研)、杜仲(去皮,炒)。该方以六味地黄丸为基本方,并配以巴戟天、杜仲、菟丝子等补肾阳之药,意在阴阳并补以开三焦,根据瘀血发展情况酌情加入牛膝以逐瘀通经、引血下行,配合茯神等安神之品以调和阴阳、安魂魄,助全身气化功能恢复以缓解RA所致的虚劳症状。安肾丸之组方也有此意,但其用于阳虚更甚之虚劳,故加入川乌头、蜀椒等温阳之品,并配以萆薢、木瓜等祛湿之品,祛除脏腑虚劳所致水湿,从而补益脏腑、调和阴阳以祛除积滞而除痹。
从古至今,许多医家对RA有其独特的见解,尽管目前中医药在治疗RA上未重视化解食、饮之邪以治病,但本文受“食饮居处,为其病本”的启发,通过查阅相关中医古籍,发现可对该疾病不同分期施以不同程度的消食化饮,从而达到治疗效果。已有临床研究表明,中医药可通过调节肠道菌群平衡改善RA病情[12]。故可认为,从“食饮居处,为其病本”论治RA具有一定的理论依据。因此,从“食饮居处,为其病本”认识和论治RA,可对该疾病相关诊疗起到一定指导意义。

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2025年第40卷第12期
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doi: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2025.12.401
  • 接收时间:2025-06-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26
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    广州中医药大学附属广东中西医结合医院,广东 佛山 528000

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张敏,男,安徽蚌埠人,医学博士,主任医师,研究方向:中医药治疗肾脏风湿病及血液透析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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