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This study used 17 selected quinoa lines as experimental materials and established three sowing dates: November 10, 2022 (T1), December 15, 2022 (T2), and January 5, 2023 (T3), to analyze the effects of sowing date on quinoa agronomic traits and yield. The results showed that delaying the sowing date shortened the average growth period from 191.7 d (T1) to 148.1 d (T3), a reduction of 44.0 d for late sowing compared to early sowing. Under T3 treatment, quinoa exhibited the highest average plant height but the lowest 1000-grain weight. Under T2 treatment, the average stem diameter, number of effective branches, and yield per plant were all the highest. Under T1 treatment, the average main panicle length was the shortest. Correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant had a highly significantly positive correlation with stem diameter, number of effective branches, and 1000-grain weight. Two-way ANOVA showed that plant height, main panicle length, 1000-grain weight, and growth period were most strongly affected by sowing date. In contrast, number of effective branches and yield per plant were only significantly affected by the line and the interaction between line and sowing date. In conclusion, the most suitable winter sowing date for quinoa in the low-heat valley area of the Jinsha River in northwest Yunnan is mid-December (T2). Under this sowing date, lines Q201909, Q201807, and Q201913 exhibited the best comprehensive performance in agronomic traits and yield, making them suitable for winter cultivation in the low-heat valley areas of Yunnan and similar climatic regions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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