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To clarify the relationship between high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition and quality traits in newly developed wheat varieties (lines) in the Southern Huang-Huai Wheat Region, a total of 93 newly developed wheat varieties (lines) from this region were used as materials. The HMW-GS composition was identified using SDS-PAGE, and their distribution and quality characteristics were systematically analyzed in conjunction with grain quality traits. The results showed that nine subunit types were detected across the three Glu-1 loci, specifically, subunits 1 (72.04%) and Null (27.96%) at the Glu-A1 locus; subunits 7+9 (64.52%), 7+8 (30.11%), and 14+15 (5.38%) at the Glu-B1 locus; and subunits 2+12 (37.63%), 5+12 (32.26%), 5+10 (29.03%), and 2+10 (1.08%) at the Glu-D1 locus. Among the 15 identified subunit combinations, the most frequent combination was 1/7+9/2+12 (19.35%), while the frequency of the combination 1/7+8/5+10 was 8.60%. Based on quality traits, the tested materials were clustered into three groups, with Group I, Group II, and Group III accounting for 47.3%, 17.2%, and 35.5%, respectively. Group III exhibited the best performance across all quality indicators such as protein content, water absorption rate, and wet gluten content; the frequencies of subunits 14+15, 7+8, and 5+10 in group III were 6.06%, 36.36%, and 30.30%, respectively. Varieties (lines) carrying the pedigree of two founder parents, Yumai 2 and Zhou 8425B, accounted for 70.96% of the tested materials. Eight varieties such as Zhengmai 366, Xinmai 26, Jimai 44, and Fumai 916, were screened for carrying high-quality subunits and combinations. These results provide a theoretical basis for parent selection in wheat quality breeding in the Southern Huang-Huai Wheat Region and serve as an important reference for further optimizing HMW-GS composition and improving wheat quality.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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