When confronted with complex soil environments such as drought,salinity,and nutrient imbalance,terrestrial plant roots have to achieve a dynamic trade-off between efficient acquisition of water and nutrients,effective blockage of solute leakage,and selective exclusion of harmful ions. The endodermis,a key structural layer in the roots of vascular plants,forms a continuous apoplastic barrier through the Casparian strip and suberin lamellae,thereby maintaining ionic and water homeostasis at the physiological level by regulating radial transport pathways. This review synthesized current knowledge on the biosynthesis,deposition,and structural characteristics of the Casparian strip and suberin lamellae. It further discussed their plasticity under the coordinated regulation of the MYB36 pathway and the Schengen surveillance pathway. Recent advances in understanding the roles of these barrier structures in maintaining mineral nutrient homeostasis,enhancing stress resistance,and mediating rhizosphere interactions were examined. Finally,future research directions were proposed from the perspectives of evolutionary adaptation and crop improvement. This review provided novel insights for a deeper understanding of the adaptive evolution of plant roots and stress-resistant breeding.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |