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Outline
Ratoon rice possesses multiple production advantages including higher multiple cropping index， superior grain quality， seed and labor savings， reduced water consumption and pesticide application， as well as remarkable economic benefits. Therefore， identifying and evaluating the ratooning ability of germplasm resources is particularly important for developing cultivars with strong ratooning ability. In this study， 241 chromosome segment substitution lines（CSSLs）derived from wild rice and 438 cultivated rice accessions were used as materials. Fourteen phenotypic traits were evaluated in replicated trials over two years to comprehensively assess the ratooning ability of the germplasm. The results showed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 2.54% to 49.46% in the wild rice population， and from 4.17% to 33.06% in the cultivated rice population. Among all traits， grain yield per plant in the ratoon season exhibited the highest coefficient of variation in both populations. Correlation analysis revealed that ratooning ability was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with plant height， panicle length， number of productive panicles in the ratoon season and ratooning yield per plant， but significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with number of productive panicles and seed setting rate. This suggests that developing germplasm with strong ratooning ability requires balanced consideration of traits in both the main and ratoon crops. Five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted by principal component analysis， explaining a cumulative contribution rate of 75.15%. The comprehensive evaluation value for ratooning ability （D values） was obtained by integrating membership function analysis and weight assignment. The D values ranged from 0.24 to 0.74， with a mean of 0.47. Introduced accessions exhibited the best overall ratooning ability， improved cultivars and landraces were at an intermediate level， and the wild rice population showed the poorest ratooning ability but had rich genetic variation， making it suitable for QTL mapping， dissection of single-segment effects， and mining of candidate regions. Representative resources including the introduced accessions IR 83142-60 and IRRI 186， improved cultivars Shuanghuixuan 26 and Xianjinghui 6， the landrace Baike No. 5， and the wild rice line A0792 were identified and can be directly used as core parents with strong ratooning ability in breeding programs. This study clarified the genetic differences in ratooning ability among different types of rice， established a quantitative and applicable comprehensive evaluation index for ratooning ability， and provides material basis and theoretical reference for screening elite ratoon rice germplasm， parent selection， and gene mining for ratooning ability.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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