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Outline
The development and rational use of disease-resistant varieties has been the most effective strategy for achieving high yielding and good quality in rice production. Wild rice， a valuable genetic resource due to its prolonged adaptation to survive and thrive in natural environments， retains numerous original traits that have been lost or attenuated in cultivated rice during the long-term domestication. Wild rice harbors abundant genetic diversity and offers far greater potential for mining disease-resistance genes than cultivated rice， thus serving as a crucial gene pool for rice breeding with higher disease-resistance. This review focuses on disease resistance in wild rice. We systematically describe the fundamental characteristics of disease resistance and review the identification of disease-resistant germplasm resources in three wild rice species native to China， namely Oryza rufipogon， Oryza officinalis， and Oryza granulata， against rice blast， bacterial blight， sheath blight and other diseases. We also summarize the disease-resistance genes identified for rice blast and bacterial blight， highlighting on representative genes such as Pi-gx（t） and Xa23 discovered by Chinese researchers. Notably， Xa23 has been widely deployed in rice breeding programs and industrial production， achieving remarkable economic and social benefits. Finally， we comprehensively review the application of key technologies—distant hybridization， molecular marker-assisted selection， genetic transformation， and gene editing—in developing wild rice germplasm with disease-resistance and transferring elite resistance genes into cultivated rice. Based on the current research status and technical bottlenecks， we further propose potential strategies in germplasm screening， gene mining and technological integration， aiming to provide theoretical support and tools for enhancing disease resistance in rice molecular breeding programs and for the green prevention and control of diseases in rice production.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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