The specialized plant leaf epidermal cells develop into pavement cells with complex interdigitated jigsaw puzzle-like structures through polarized growth. Their morphogenesis is primarily orchestrated by Rho-related GTPases of plants (ROP) signaling, which integrates signaling mechanism networks such as hormones, cytoskeletal reorganization, and mechanical stress responses. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms by which brassinosteroids (BRs) and auxin synergizing with PHGAPs-ROP signaling to regulate the morphogenesis of pavement cells. In particular, it characterizes the molecular mechanism through which BR signaling negatively regulates ROP2 activity via PHGAPs. Through identifying PHGAPs as a pivotal node, this review refines the multi-signaling pathway coordinated regulatory model of pavement cells morphogenesis and provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for deciphering crosstalk mechanism between PHGAPs-ROP and various signaling pathways, as well as mechanical signal sensing mechanism.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |