This study investigated the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of the plant-litter-soil continuum, as well as nutrient resorption and utilization efficiency, in mixed communities of Luo mountain, Ningxia, to reveal the nutrient allocation and utilization strategies, and to provide a scientific foundation for vegetation protection and sustainable management in this region.

Four typical mixed communities were investigated: mixed alpine shrub community, mixed low-mountain shrub community, mixed coniferous community and mixed conifer-broadleaf community. This study systematically analyzed the differences in C, N, P contents, and stoichiometric ratios across plant organs, litter and soil. It quantified their coupling relationships, homeostasis, resorption and utilization efficiencies of C, N, and P nutrients.

1) Across all communities, the C content was lowest in roots, while the N and P contents were the highest in leaves. The C/N was the lowest in leaves; The C/P was the highest in branches; And the N/P was the lowest in roots. In addition, the plant P content was lower in the two shrub mixed communities compared to the two tree mixed communities, while the C/P and N/P were higher; 2) The litter C/N of the mixed conifer-broadleaf community was significantly higher than that in the mixed alpine shrub community (F=7.72, P<0.05); 3) Soil C and C/P (F=33.44, P<0.05; F=47.64, P<0.05) in the two mixed tree communities, and soil N and N/P (F=17.76, P<0.05; F=55.00, P<0.05) in the mixed coniferous community were all significantly higher than in the two mixed shrub communities; 4) Significant positive correlations were found in P content across plant organs, litter, and soil (P<0.05). Position and aspect significantly influenced ecological stoichiometric characteristics. The homeostasis of P, C/P, and N/P in leaves, branches, and roots was found to be sensitive; 5) The N and P reabsorption efficiency was stronger in the two mixed tree communities compared to the two mixed shrub communities. The nutrient utilization efficiency of P was higher than that of N and C across all communities.

Plant growth in mixed shrub communities was P-limited, while mixed tree communities were N-limited. P exhibited strong interconnections among components and higher utilization efficiency.

A systematic analysis of SSR loci in the genome and the development of efficient molecular markers was accomplished to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for further research on germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis, linkage map construction, and molecular marker-assisted breeding in T. sinensis.

Based on the published reference genome of the cultivar ‘Heiyouchun’, genome-wide SSR loci containing 1-6 nucleotide repeats were identified using the MISA software, and the distribution patterns and characteristics of SSR types were comprehensively analyzed. SSR primers were developed using Primer3.0 in combination with in silico PCR. Subsequently, 20 pairs of SSR primers were randomly selected for PCR amplification using genomic DNA from six T. sinensis samples. The validity and polymorphism of these primers were evaluated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

A total of 308 421 SSR loci were identified in the genome of T. sinensis, with an average of one locus per 1.92 kb. The distribution frequency of SSRs was relatively uniform across the chromosomes. Mononucleotide and dinucleotide repeats were the predominant types, accounting for 59.23% and 31.08% of the total SSRs, respectively. Across the entire genome, 979 distinct SSR motif types were identified. Among these, A/T, AT/TA, and AAT/ATT motifs occurred most frequently, indicating that A and T bases were predominant in the SSR sequences of the T. sinensis genome. The length of SSR sequences in the T. sinensis genome ranged from 10 to 1 218 bp, and the number of SSR loci decreased with increasing repeat length across all nucleotide repeat motifs. A total of 104 813 pairs of SSR primers were designed based on the flanking sequences of the SSR loci. Among the 20 pairs of primers synthesized, 18 pairs of primers amplified the target bands with an amplification efficiency of 90.0%. Additionally, products from nine primer pairs exhibited polymorphism, and the polymorphism rate reached 50.0%.

This study elucidated the distribution characteristics of SSRs in the T. sinensis genome and developed a large set of genome-wide SSR markers, providing valuable molecular tools for future genetic studies and breeding applications in T. sinensis.

To clone the full-length cDNA of CYP6620B1 gene, which is a key gene in the downstream pathway of triterpenoid synthesis in S. baumii and perform bioinformatics analysis and eukaryotic expression analysis of the gene, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the elucidation of the mechanism of triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway of S. baumii and the enhancement of triterpenoid production.

The transcript level of CYP6620B1 gene was detected by qRT-PCR at different developmental stages of the mycelium, protocorm and zygote of S. baumii. The full-length cDNA sequence of the target gene was obtained by PCR amplification, and the physicochemical properties and spatial structure of the protein were analyzed by bioinformatics online software. The recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVSc/pYES2-CYP6620B1 was obtained by LiAC/PEG method, and the total triterpene content of it was detected by microplate reader.

The transcript level of CYP6620B1 gene in different developmental stages of S. baumii showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, which coincided with the reported trend of total triterpenoids in S. baumii, suggesting that it might be involved in the regulation of triterpenoid synthesis, and the full-length cDNA of CYP6620B1 was cloned and obtained as 1 629 bp, encoding 542 amino acids, without signal peptide and transmembrane structure, and the sub The results of phylogenetic tree showed that the CYP6620B1 protein of Taiwanofungus camphoratus had the highest homology with that of S. baumii, and the molecular docking results showed that the CYP6620B1 protein had the lowest binding energy and good docking conformation with lanosterol; the CYP6620B1 gene was successfully expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVSc, and the total triterpene content of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVSc/pYES2-CYP6620B1 was significantly higher than that of the control strain.

In this study, the CYP6620B1 gene, which may be involved in the triterpene synthesis pathway of S. baumii, was successfully cloned and analysed, which lays the foundation for an in-depth investigation of the gene's function in the triterpene biosynthesis pathway of S. baumii.

In response to the current shortage of equipment and difficulties in transporting bamboo from hilly and mountainous areas, as well as the fact that existing transportation equipment, especially cableways, are mostly simply modified from wood cable equipment, resulting in unstable effects, long installation cycles, and lack of safety guarantees, a mobile bamboo cableway skidding transportation equipment specifically designed for mountain bamboo forests has been designed.

A modular design approach was adopted, integrating mechanical modeling of the mobile host unit, transport car and cable components with control system development. Key structural components were optimized through finite element analysis, while kinematics and dynamics simulations validated the transport process. A quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of transport speed, the total mass of cable car and bamboo, and cableway inclination angle on operational safety.

The results indicate that cableway inclination angle exerts the most significant influence on transportation safety, followed by the total mass and transport speed. Safe transportation to roadside transfer points was achieved under the following thresholds: inclination angles≤25.7°, total mass≤600 kg, and speed≤4.0 m/s.

When the inclination angle of the cableway is 16.3°-21.0°, the total mass of the cable car and bamboo is 400-550 kg, and the speed of the cable car is 2.6-3.2 m/s, the safety rate of descent is relatively high, which can achieve efficient transportation of mountain bamboo and meet the needs of on-site applications. Notably, its lightweight modular design enables rapid assembly and disassembly, while the self-charging cable car ensures prolonged operational endurance. This work provides a novel technical solution for mountainous bamboo transportation, addressing critical gaps in current forestry equipment.

To enhance the board strength of cotton stalk-based composite boards and optimize the hot-pressing process, this study fabricated artificial boards using crushed and sieved cotton stalk xylem and modified urea-formaldehyde resin as the primary raw materials. The effects of seven key factors—particle size, adhesive dosage, solid content of the resin, hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing pressure, pre-pressing time, and hot-pressing duration—on the mechanical properties of the composite boards were investigated. The significance of these factors and the optimal process parameters were systematically determined.

In this study, the internal bonding strength (IB) of the composite boards was selected as the experimental indicator. A Plackett-Burman (PB) experimental design was employed to screen significant factors affecting IB. Based on the PB results, a steepest ascent experiment was conducted to determine the optimal parameter ranges for the identified significant factors. Subsequently, a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to construct a quadratic polynomial regression model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to analyze the interactions and significance between key process parameters. Finally, the optimized process parameters were derived and validated through experimental verification.

1）The factors significantly affecting the internal bonding strength (IB) of the composite boards were ranked in the following order of significance: adhesive dosage, hot-pressing temperature, and hot-pressing pressure; 2) The optimal process parameters derived from Design-Expert V13.0 software optimization were as follows: particle size (0-1 mm), adhesive dosage (13%), solid content of the resin (45%), hot-pressing temperature (150 ℃), hot-pressing pressure (8.8 MPa), pre-pressing time (2.5 h), and hot-pressing duration (9 min). Under these conditions, the cotton stalk-based composite board exhibited an internal bonding strength (IB) of 0.64 MPa, closely aligning with the model-predicted theoretical value of 0.65 MPa, with a minimal deviation of 1.54% between experimental and theoretical results.

The response surface model demonstrated high accuracy and reliability. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the manufacturing process of cotton stalk-based composite boards, particularly in refining hot-pressing parameters and resin application strategies.

By measuring the safety resilience levels of Camellia oleifera across the nation, core development regions, and key expansion areas, assessing spatial disparities among different production zones and provinces, and identifying obstacle factors affecting resilience, this study aims to provide actionable pathways for promoting high-quality industry development and enhancing overall Camellia oleifera security.

A comprehensive safety resilience index system for Camellia oleifera was constructed. Using the entropy weight method, Theil index, and ArcGIS natural breaks classification, we analyzed the spatial distribution, regional disparities, and evolutionary trends of safety resilience across 15 major Camellia oleifera-producing provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) from 2010 to 2022. Obstacle degree analysis was further employed to identify key constraining factors.

1) The national average resilience level of Camellia oleifera exhibited sustained growth, with upward trends observed across different production zones and provinces, indicating significantly enhanced risk resistance and shock adaptability. By 2022, two provinces achieved high resilience status, while 12 were classified as moderately resilient; 2) The Theil index of Camellia oleifera safety resilience displayed a U-shaped trend, initially declining before rising, suggesting widening inter-provincial disparities primarily driven by intra-regional differences; 3) Key influencing factors included production-transportation-sales robustness, industrial coordination, technological advancement, forestry investment, fiscal expenditure on science and technology, and Camellia oleifera cultivation area, which substantially impacted resilience enhancement at both national and regional levels.

While safety resilience in Camellia oleifera production has strengthened nationwide and within major regions, inter-provincial disparities show signs of further divergence. Therefore, implementing regionally coordinated and precisely targeted policies, targeted mitigation of key obstacle factors, and enhancing holistic industrial chain synergy and market-driven mechanisms are critical strategies for improving Camellia oleifera safety resilience.

To analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of forest health and wellness environmental factors and their impact on human comfort, evaluate their health and wellness functions, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the forest health and wellness industry in the entrance communities of the Qilian mountain national park, broadening the path for realizing the value of Qilian mountain's ecological products.

Taking the Picea crassifolia forest in the Qilian mountains as the research object, through quantitative determination of microclimate monitoring (temperature, humidity, wind speed) and air quality indicators (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, air negative ion concentration), combined with the climate comfort model (comprehensive comfort index, S) and Pearson correlation analysis, the seasonal differentiation law of the health care function of the Picea crassifolia forest is revealed.

1) The microclimate factors showed significant daily dynamics and monthly differences, among which the combination of temperature (18-24 ℃), humidity (45%-65%), and wind speed (<1 m/s) from July to August was most in line with human comfort needs; 2) The concentrations of PM_2.5 (2.08-12.43 μg/m³) and PM₁₀ (25.35-54.56 μg/m³) were both lower than the national first-class standard limits, indicating good air quality; 3) Concentration of air negative ion (1 340-2 610 ions/m³) peaked in summer, and was significantly positively correlated with temperature (r=0.524, P<0.05) and wind speed (r=0.390, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with PM_2.5 (r=-0.361, P<0.01) and humidity (r=-0.370, P<0.01).

The comprehensive evaluation of microclimate, comprehensive comfort, and air quality showed that the Picea crassifolia forest in the Qilian mountains has a significant wellness effect, and the period from early July to mid-August is the optimal wellness period (S≤4.55, Grade I), which combines the best climate comfort (Grade I) and air quality (NAI Grade I + PM_2.5 Grade I), providing a high-quality forest wellness environment.