Forest fire video monitoring is the key means of forest fire monitoring in forest management agencies. Reasonable spatial distribution pattern can improve monitoring efficiency, reduce monitoring blind spots, detect fires in time, and reduce losses from forest fires.

Taking 216 state-owned forest fire video monitoring points in Hunan Province as study objects, the spatial distribution type, spatial distribution density and spatial distribution direction of forest fire video monitoring points were analyzed by using the nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation method and standard deviation ellipse, respectively. The spatial distribution pattern of forest fire video monitoring points in state-owned forest farms in Hunan Province was studied, and the influencing factors of site selection of forest fire video monitoring points were discussed from four aspects: topography, traffic, fire risk and social economy.

There are 645 forest fire video monitoring points in the state-owned forest farms in Hunan Province, showing a significant agglomeration pattern in space. From the distribution of forest fire video monitoring points in various cities and prefectures of Hunan Province, Shaoyang City has the largest number of forest fire video monitoring points, and Xiangtan City has the least, accounting for 17.36% and 0.31% of the total number of the provinces, respectively. From the perspective of distribution density, the spatial distribution shows a regional difference of ‘less in the north and more in the south’. There are four high-density area centers, located in Changsha City, Zhuzhou City, Yongzhou City and Shaoyang City; in addition, there is a sub-intensive area center located in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. The numerical difference between the long and short axes is large, indicating that the spatial distribution of forest fire video monitoring points has a strong directionality, and presents a northwest-southeast distribution trend.

The spatial distribution of forest fire video monitoring points in state-owned forest farms in Hunan Province is significantly affected by factors such as elevation, slope, traffic accessibility, number of graves, operating area of state-owned forest farms, and number of tourist attractions. It provides a reference for strengthening the construction of forest fire prevention and extinguishing capacity in Hunan Province and the rational layout of forest fire video monitoring points.