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Qualitative study on influencing factors in the surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology
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Boer QI1, 2, 3, 4, Qing WANG1, 2, 3, 4, Tingting LI5, Hairu YU1, 2, 3, 4, Yanlin CAO1, 2, 3, 4, Binshan JIANG1, 2, 3, 4, Yuxi LIU1, 2, 3, 4, Li QI5, Tian LIU6, Jiang LONG5, Luzhao FENG1, 2, 3, 4
Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention | 2026, 30(2) : 153 - 160
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Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention | 2026, 30(2): 153-160
• Original Articles •
Qualitative study on influencing factors in the surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology
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Boer QI1, 2, 3, 4, Qing WANG1, 2, 3, 4, Tingting LI5, Hairu YU1, 2, 3, 4, Yanlin CAO1, 2, 3, 4, Binshan JIANG1, 2, 3, 4, Yuxi LIU1, 2, 3, 4, Li QI5, Tian LIU6, Jiang LONG5, Luzhao FENG1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
  • 4Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center of Beijing Higher Education Innovation Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
  • 5Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China
  • 6Jingzhou Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Jingzhou 434000, China
Published: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.004
Outline
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Objective

To explore the current perceptions, challenges, and recommendations of clinical physicians, hospital administrators, and centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) staff regarding the surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE).

Methods

In July 2024 and January 2025, one-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with clinicians, administrators, and CDC staff from various medical institutions in Chongqing Municipality and Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. The interview outline was designed based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, with interview content was coded, categorized and analyzed using Nvivo 15.0.

Results

Forty participants were included: 17 clinicians, 13 hospital administrators, and 10 CDC staff. Across PUE surveillance and reporting practices, facilitators and barriers were identified at the levels of characteristics of individuals, intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting and process. The top three facilitators were familiarity with monitoring protocols and systems, sufficient resource support, and a well-established implementation environment. The top three barriers were the need to improve the specificity of case definitions, complex reporting procedures, and a lack of information technology and incentive mechanisms.

Conclusions

This study indicate that PUE surveillance and reporting are influenced by factors including characteristics of individuals, intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting and implementation processes. These findings suggest that optimization of PUE surveillance and reporting requires establishing effective incentive mechanisms, strengthening informatization, and expanding surveillance pathways, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency and quality of surveillance and reporting.

Pneumonia  /  Pneumonia of unknown etiology  /  Surveillance  /  Reporting  /  Qualitative research
Boer QI, Qing WANG, Tingting LI, Hairu YU, Yanlin CAO, Binshan JIANG, Yuxi LIU, Li QI, Tian LIU, Jiang LONG, Luzhao FENG. Qualitative study on influencing factors in the surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention, 2026 , 30 (2) : 153 -160 . DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.004
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Article Info
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.004
  • Receive Date：2025-05-27
  • Online Date：2026-05-08
  • Published：2026-02-10
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-05-27
  • Revised：2025-11-26
Affiliations
    1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
    3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
    4Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center of Beijing Higher Education Innovation Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
    5Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China
    6Jingzhou Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Jingzhou 434000, China

Corresponding:

LONG Jiang, E-mail:
FENG Luzhao, E-mail:
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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