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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by persistent airflow limitation is a heterogeneous lung condition prone to exacerbations and progression. Recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota dysbiosis can trigger metabolic disorders, immune abnormalities, and inflammatory responses, contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of COPD through the gut-lung axis. The spleen-tonifying and lung-replenishing therapy originates from the five elements theory of TCM, specifically the principle of tonifying the source in the case of deficiency. Enhancing the function of the spleen and stomach (earth element) indirectly nourishes the lungs (metal element), embodying the holistic concept of organ interdependence. The gut, as an extension of the transformation function of the spleen and stomach, reflects the modern interpretation of the spleen's role in transformation and transportation. When the spleen is deficient, gut microbiota dysbiosis leads to the accumulation of turbid toxins, which rise to affect the lungs, resulting in impaired flow of healthy Qi and the interplay of phlegm and stasis. The concept of tonifying the spleen not only involves tonifying the middle Qi but also encompasses multidimensional interventions such as improving gastrointestinal functions and regulating the gut microbiota to restore lung-spleen coordination. The spleen-tonifying and lung-replenishing therapy can influence the gut microbiota in COPD patients, effectively interrupting the pathological vicious cycle of spleen deficiency-microbiota dysbiosis-lung damage, slowing down disease progression, and reducing acute exacerbations. This method highlights the scientific value of the holistic thinking in TCM and provides a key pathway for integrating TCM and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of COPD, underscoring the core clinical significance of tonifying the spleen and replenishing the lung.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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