The stem bark of Aquilaria yunnanensis (Thymelaeaceae) is traditionally used to treat cough and asthma in folk medicine. However, its active components have not been reported. In the present study, the chemical constituents of A. yunnanensis stem bark were isolated and identified, and their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated to clarify the anti-inflammatory components in the stem bark of A. yunnanensis. A total of 22 compounds, including a new norlignan [(±)-1], were isolated from the ethanolic extract of A. yunnanensis stem bark by column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), recrystallization, etc. Through chiral separation of (±)-1, (-)-1 and (+)-1 were obtained. Based on electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, the absolute configurations of (-)-1 and (+)-1 were determined to be (-)-(7R, 8S, 8′S)-4-O- (1, 3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl) zhebeiresinol and (+)-(7S, 8R, 8′R)-4-O- (1, 3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl) zhebeiresinol. The known compounds included (±)-zhebeiresinol (2), (+)-syringaresinol (3), (+)-episyringaresinol (4), orcinol (5), orsellinic acid (6), methyl orsellinate (7), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (8), lecanoric acid (9), barbatic acid (10), 7β-hydroxy-β-sitosterol (11), β-sitosterol (12), stigmasterol (13), ergosterol peroxide (14), genkwanin (15), pilloin (16), 5-hydroxy-3′, 4′, 7-trimethoxyflavone (17), (-)-epicatechin (18), (-)-epicatechin gallate (19), tectorigenin 2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (20), 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl docosanoate (21), and 1-O-linolenoylglycerol (22). According to the bioassay testing results, compounds 4 and 22 which inhibited NO production with IC50 values of (32.82±1.04) and (18.50±0.95) μmol·L-1, respectively, exhibited anti-inflammatory activities.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |