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Focused on the challenges in brain disease treatment and advancements in nose-to-brain delivery research, this article summarized current progress in nasal drug delivery research and proposed several novel evaluation models for nasal drug absorption. By reviewing five types of evaluation models-ex vivo animal tissue models, in situ perfusion models, in vivo pharmacokinetic models, in vitro cell models, and computational fluid dynamics model-it clarified the distinct advantages of nasal drug delivery compared to other administration routes. Furthermore, by outlining emerging nasal drug delivery technologies and irritation evaluation methods, it explored the cutting-edge directions of nose-to-brain delivery. This provides essential support for the selection of nose-to-brain delivery dosage forms and paves new paths for the advancement of nasal drug delivery.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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