This study aims to investigate the effects of aged male parents on the learning ability of offspring and the intervention effect of Wuzi Yanzong Pills based on the microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway. Thirty-two SD male rats of 15 months old were randomized into aged model, model+high-dose (8 g·kg^-1) Wuzi Yanzong Pills, model+low-dose (2 g·kg^-1) Wuzi Yanzong Pills, and model+vitamin C (100 mg·kg^-1) groups (n=8). In addition, 8 SD male rats of 3 months old were selected as the control group. Rats in treatment groups were fed the diets containing different doses of Wuzi Yanzong Pills or vitamin C, and the control and model groups received a regular diet for 12 weeks. After 5 days of co-caging with 3-month-old female mice, the fertilization rate was recorded. An automated sperm analyzer was used to examine the sperm motility and count, and the testicular spermatogenesis was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The senescence cells in the testicular tissue was detected byβ-galactosidase staining, and miR-34a-5p expression was quantified via qPCR. The litter size was counted, and the body mass and body length were measured on days 1 and 30 to assess offspring development. For the offspring of 30 days old, their learning ability was examined via Morris water maze, and Nissl staining was employed to count hippocampal neurons. The miR-34a-5p expression in the hippocampal tissue of the offspring was determined by qPCR, and the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and SIRT1 were determined by Western blot. Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited reductions in fertility rate, litter size, and sperm motility and count, as well as impaired testicular spermatogenesis (P<0.01). In addition, the model group showed increased senescence cells in testicular and epididymal tissue, accompanied by elevated miR-34a-5p expression in sperms. The 30-day-old offspring showed slow growth, reduced hippocampal neurons, up-regulated miR-34a-5p expression, and down-regulated protein levels of SIRT1 and BDNF in the hippocampus (P<0.01), along with impaired learning and memory performance (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, both high-dose Wuzi Yanzong Pills and vitamin C improved the fertilization rate, litter size, sperm motility, sperm count, and testicular spermatogenesis (P<0.05). The 30-day-old offspring in the two groups showed accelerated growth and development, increased hippocampal neurons, and elevated BDNF protein level in the hippocampus (P<0.05), along with enhanced learning and memory capabilities (P<0.05). Compared with the vitamin C group, the high-dose Wuzi Yanzong Pills group exhibited accelerated offspring growth (P<0.05), increases in fertilization rate and litter size (P<0.05), and improved learning and memory abilities (P<0.05). These findings indicate that Wuzi Yanzong Pills can improve testicular spermatogenesis and sperm quality in aged rats, thereby enhancing offspring's learning and memory performance. Specifically, Wuzi Yanzong Pills regulate miR-34a-5p expression to delay spermatogenic cell senescence in the testicular tissue and improve the offspring's cognitive function by miR-34a-5p mediated intergenerational transmission.