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Opioid drugs activate G protein and （or） β-arrestin protein signaling pathways by acting on opioid receptors, which can generate analgesia and anesthesia effects, but the accompanying respiratory depression is a serious and common clinical problem. Until now, one of the goals of the basic research and therapeutic application of opioid drugs is to separate the analgesic effect from the respiratory depression side effect, so as to develop new opioid drugs with strong analgesic activity and reduced respiratory depression side effect. At present, peripheral selective opioid agonists, biased opioid agonists, mixed opioid agonists, endogenous opioid peptides and opioid splicing variant agonists have been developed successively, of which the biased opioid agonist oliceridine （TRV130） has been marketed. As the research progresses, more new opioid drugs will be used in clinical treatment to improve drug safety.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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