To investigate the relationship between relative grip strength and hyperuricemia (HUA) levels in university freshmen, and to explore the potential value of muscle function indicators in HUA prevention among young populations, so as to provide new scientific evidences for HUA control in the demographic.

Utilizing health examination data from 1 744 freshmen enrolled in a Shaanxi Province university in September 2024, absolute grip strength was measured using CAMRY electronic dynamometers, with relative grip strength subsequently calculated. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to examine relationships between student characteristics and relative grip strength, and binary Logistic regression models assessed the association strength between relative grip strength and HUA.

The overall HUA detection rate among freshmen was 29.8%, with significant gender differences (male: 43.1%; female: 24.0%; χ²=64.62, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between relative grip strength, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and HUA in both genders (boys: r=-0.27, 0.54, 0.11, 0.53; girls: r=-0.18, 0.33, 0.08, 0.33, all P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression demonstrated that each standard deviation increase in relative grip strength reduced HUA risk by 77% in males (OR=0.23, 95%CI=0.14-0.37) and 80% in females (OR=0.20, 95%CI=0.11-0.36) (both P < 0.01).

Relative grip strength represents a significant factor associated with HUA in university students. Incorporating muscle strength training into HUA prevention programs and establishing muscle function-based HUA risk warning systems should be considered.

To investigate the correlation between sleep fragmentation and body composition/blood pressure in female students of middle school, so as to provide theoretical guidance for preventing health risks associated with sleep fragmentation.

From September 2022 to December 2023, 505 female students aged 12-15 years in Nanyang City were selected through stratified cluster random sampling and conducted Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) survey. Participants were divided into Q1-Q4 groups based on sleep fragmentation index (SFI) quartiles. Body composition and blood pressure measurements were measured by adopting body composition analyzer and traditional mercury sphygmomanometer, and data were analyzed using χ² tests and linear regression.

Significant intergroup differences for Q1-Q4 were observed with increasing SFI levels for body mass index(BMI), fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, trunk fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and PSQI total scores (F=15.25, 7.33, 8.38, 5.97, 11.24, 16.85, 6.87, 15.73, all P < 0.05). SFI showed positive correlations with BMI, fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, and blood pressure(β=0.37, 0.45, 0.34, 0.42, 0.38), but negative correlations with muscle mass and bone mass(β=-0.35, -0.48) (all P < 0.05). The χ² trend test revealed a significant increase in hypertension detection rates with elevated SFI (χ²=42.75, P < 0.05). The χ² testing demonstrated statistically significant differences in hypertension incidence among different quartiles groups (χ²=14.16, P < 0.05). After adjusting the significance level, hypertension incidence differences remained significant between Q1and Q4 (χ²=10.77), Q2 and Q4 groups (χ²=6.28) (both P < 0.008 3).

Sleep fragmentation correlates significantly with body composition and blood pressure indicators in female students of middle school. Implementing sleep fragmentation interventions is essential for safeguarding female students' health in middle school.

To understand classroom environmental conditions and their association with spinal curvature abnormalities among students of primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a basis for formulating school health policies and scientific prevention and control measures for abnormal spinal curvature in students.

Using a stratified random sampling method, 471 schools (2 811 classrooms) were selected annually across the province from 2022 to 2024 in order to monitor and evaluate classroom environment according to national standards. Spinal examinations were conducted for 196 606 (2022), 194 876 (2023), and 195 048 (2024) students, and χ² test was used to analyze the correlation of desk and chair compliance with student spinal curvature abnormalities.

The qualified rates of classroom blackboard illuminance uniformity (85.41%) and the blackboard size (82.24%) were the highest in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, while the average blackboard surface illumination qualified rate (20.10%) was the lowest. The average desk illumination (50.11%-58.63%), desk illumination uniformity (61.92%-72.27%) and qualified noise rate (50.04%-51.94%) increased significantly in 3 years; in addition, the compliance rate of desks and chairs decreased from 25.00% to 13.52%, and the differences were all statistically significant (χ²=42.48, 80.93, 46.09, 129.72, all P < 0.05). Middle school classrooms outperformed primary schools in terms of per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, blackboard illuminance uniformity, average desktop illuminance, desktop illuminance uniformity, and noise compliance (χ²=311.55, 12.41, 20.64, 40.76, 10.25, 52.47), but had lower compliance for blackboard size and reflectance (χ²=537.29, 7.59) (all P < 0.01). Urban schools had higher compliance than suburban schools for per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, average desktop illuminance, and desktop illuminance uniformity (χ²=73.71, 17.68, 29.30, 36.03), but lower compliance for desk-chair suitability, blackboard size, and blackboard reflectance (χ²=4.72, 26.02, 5.43) (all P < 0.05). The spinal curvature abnormality detection rate was 0.83%. A significant association was found between abnormality detection and desk-chair non-compliance (χ²=223.85, P < 0.01).

Classroom environment hygiene in Guizhou schools is suboptimal. Strengthening school environmental hygiene infrastructure and greater attention to its impact on student's health are essential.

To analyze the prevalence and determinants of comorbid overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students in Yangzhou City, and to explore the association between sleep patterns, eating behavior and the comorbidity of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure, so as to provide reference for developing prevention strategies targeting common comorbidities in students.

By using stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 8 735 primary and secondary school students were selected from 36 schools in six counties of Yangzhou from October to November 2023. Students underwent physical examinations and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the questionnaire on students' health status and influencing factors. The Chi-square test was used to compare the detection rate of comorbid overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure in different groups of primary and secondary school students. The Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between sleep and dietary behaviors and their combined effects and coexistence.

The detection rate of comorbid overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students in Yangzhou was 9.85%, which was higher among boys (12.14%) than girls (7.59%)(χ²=50.86, P < 0.01). After controlling for gender, residence, educational stage, parental education, smoking, drinking, and moderate to vigorous exercise, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast consumption and inadequate daily sleep were associated with a higher risk of comorbidities compared with regular breakfast consumption and adequate daily sleep among overall and primary school students (overall: OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.18-1.96, primary school students: OR=2.79, 95%CI=1.61-4.82)(both P < 0.05). From the perspective of primary school students of different genders, the risk of comorbidities in girls who consumed breakfast irregularly and had inadequate daily sleep was 3.59 times higher than that in girls who consumed breakfast irregularly and had inadequate daily sleep (95%CI=1.65-7.82, P < 0.01).

The sleep patterns and breakfast behaviors of primary and secondary school students are found to be associated with comorbid overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure, especially in primary school girls.

To investigate the relationship between serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in adolescents, providing evidence for early prevention and control strategies for cardiovascular structural abnormalities in adolescents.

Data were obtained from the third follow-up survey (from October to November 2023) of the "Huantai Children Cardiovascular Health Cohort", including 1 153 healthy adolescents with complete information. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare cIMT across different ALT level groups, and multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the relationship between serum ALT levels and cIMT.

Significant differences in cIMT were observed among Q1, Q2, and Q3 ALT level groups [(0.56±0.04) (0.57±0.04) (0.59±0.04)mm, respectively; F=3.61, P < 0.01]. After adjusting for covariates, multiple linear regression revealed a positive correlation between ALT levels and cIMT (β=0.18, P < 0.01). Gender subgroup analysis showed similar results in males (β=0.19, P < 0.01), but no statistically significant association was found in females (β=0.07, P=0.54).

Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with an increased risk of vascular structural damage in adolescents, especially in boys. Early detection and control of abnormal serum ALT levels can help to reduce early vascular structural damage and further reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of abnormalities spinal curvature among children and adolescents in Karst landform in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted comprehensive intervention.

From September to December 2023, 194 875 children and adolescents aged 6-18 were selected from all countieldistricts of 9 cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province by stratified random cluster sampling method according to the proportion of Karst landform area in Guizhou Province for carrying out spinal curvature abnormality screening, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on 139 449 students in the fourth grade and above of primary school. Binary Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.

The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province was 1.13%. The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in areas with a high proportion of Karst landform, areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas, and non-Karst landform areas were 1.10%, 2.00%, 0.90%, and 0.60%, respectively. Among them, the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in female students (2.40%, 1.60%, 0.90%) in areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas and non-Karst landform were higher than those in male students (1.60%, 0.10%, 0.30) (χ²=12.66, 112.69, 30.22, all P < 0.05). The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature among senior high school students (2.00%, 4.30%, 1.40%, 1.30%) in different Karst landform distributions were successively higher than those among junior high school students (1.40%, 3.20%, 1.00%, 0.60%) and primary school students (0.70%, 0.80%, 0.60%, 0.30%) (χ²=306.11, 175.80, 14.24, 39.57, all P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in both high-proportion and low-proportion Karst landform areas were higher than those in non-Karst landform areas [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.05-2.25), 1.60(1.23-2.09), both P < 0.05].

The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province is related to the distribution of Karst landform, so it is necessary to strengthen screening and appropriate comprehensive interventions.

To analyze the characteristics and safety risks of preservatives and sweeteners in beverages sold near schools in Anshun City, so as to provide a evidence for formulating targeted regulatory strategies in campus.

From December 2023 to July 2024, 834 beverage samples were collected from sales points near primary and secondary schools in Xixiu District and four surrounding townships of Anshun City by a stratified random sampling method. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect three preservatives (sorbic acid, benzoic acid and dehydroacetic acid) and four sweeteners (sodium saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame, and neotame). Differences were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

The overall exceedance rate of preservative was 8.6% (72 samples), with dehydroacetic acid showing the highest exceedance rate (7.0%, 58 samples), significantly higher than sorbic acid (0.6%, 5 samples) and benzoic acid (0.4%, 3 samples) (χ²=90.85, P < 0.01). The overall exceedance rate of sweetener was 10.4% (87 samples), with sodium saccharin having the highest exceedance rate (6.2%, 52 samples), significantly higher than neotame (2.8%, 23 samples), acesulfame-K (0) and aspartame (0) (χ²=262.04, P < 0.01). Potential risks were identified due to the co-occurrence of multiple additive exceedances, including 0.7% (6 samples) for mixed preservatives and 1.6% (13 samples) for mixed sweetener. No statistically significant differences were found in preservative (7.2%, 26 samples) or sweetener (12.3%, 44 samples) exceedance rates between micro-enterprises and large, medium and small enterprises (χ²=2.67, 5.16, both P>0.05).

Systemic misuse risk of food additives in beverages sold near school necessitates a risk-traceability-based regulatory framework, with emphasis on standardizing enterprise production practices and strengthening oversight of sales outlets near campuses.