Full
Outline
To understand the current situation and influencing factors of comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Chongqing, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating a comprehensive strategy for the co-prevention of multiple diseases among middle school students.
From September to December 2024, 12 327 middle school students were selected from 6 districts and counties in Chongqing by the combination of stratified cluster sampling and convenience sampling method. The current status of depressive and anxiety symptoms was investigated by using the Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The Chi-squared test was used to compare the differences between groups with comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze its related factors, and a nomogram prediction model was drawn.
The detection rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and comorbidity among middle school students in Chongqing were 26.34%, 34.55% and 21.16%, respectively. Among them, the detection rates of the three types of symptoms in girls (29.80%, 40.99%, 25.15%) were all higher than those in boys (23.22%, 28.73%, 17.55%) (χ2=68.61, 204.23, 106.51, all P < 0.01). Statistical significance was observed in the distribution of depressive and anxious symptoms among middle school students across different gender, academic stage, school district, family type, physical activity levels, parental discipline, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, excessive screen time, Internet addiction, and bullying (χ2=14.49-991.46, all P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with junior high school students, ordinary high school students had a higher risk of comorbidity (OR=2.71, 95%CI=2.41-3.05); girls (OR=2.17, 95%CI=1.95-2.40), non-core family (OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.08-1.32), and good neighborhood (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.02-1.30), campus bullying (OR=4.88, 95%CI=4.32-5.50), Internet addiction (OR=4.77, 95%CI=3.41-6.68), parental beating and scolding (OR=3.18, 95%CI=2.72-3.71), alcohol consumption (OR=2.10, 95%CI=1.86-2.37), and insufficient sleep (OR=1.73, 95%CI=1.54-1.95) had higher risks with comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms (all P < 0.05). A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on significant variables shows that C-index=0.75 (AUC=0.75, 95%CI=0.74-0.76, P < 0.05), and the model had good predictive performance.
The current situation of comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Chongqing is not optimistic. The nomograms can be used to effectively predict the risk of comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle school students.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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