Full
Outline
To explore the independent effects and gender differences of different types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA), so as to provide a reference for the precise prevention and control of self-harm in junior high school students.
From May to June 2023, a total of 7 360 junior high school students were selected from 12 schools in three districts/counties of Chongqing using a combination of stratified cluster sampling and convenience sampling methods. Information on NSSI, SA, ACEs, and depressive symptom, as well as other related data were collected through the Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ), suicide-related section of the Chinese Adolescent Health-related Behavior Questionnaire (Junior High School Version), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Statistical analyses of the data were performed using the Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression.
The detection rates of NSSI, SA, NSSI+SA and ACEs in junior high school students were 19.2%, 4.6%, 3.5% and 57.9% respectively. After controlling for factors such as gender, grade, family type, self-rated family economic status, self-rated academic performance, self-rated academic pressure, number of close friends, and depressive symptom scores, results from the multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school students with physical abuse (OR=1.98, 95%CI=1.23-3.18), emotional abuse (OR=2.83, 95%CI=1.92-4.19), sexual abuse (OR=1.70, 95%CI=1.07-2.69), physical neglect (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.20-2.33) and witnessing domestic violence (OR=2.10, 95%CI=1.41-2.87) in childhood had higher risks for the occurrence of NSSI+SA (all P < 0.05). After stratification by gender, boys with sexual abuse in childhood had a high risk for the occurrence of NSSI+SA (OR=2.17, 95%CI=1.06-4.43), whereas girls with emotional abuse (OR=3.69, 95%CI=2.29-5.94), physical neglect (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.07-2.45) and witnessing domestic violence (OR=2.17, 95%CI=1.41-3.34) in childhood had hgih risks for the occurrence of NSSI+SA (all P < 0.05).
Different types of ACEs have different effects on the co-occurrence of self-harm in junior high school students and there are gender differences. When family interventions are conducted for the combined model, emphasis should be placed on aspects of emotional abuse and domestic violence while optimizing the interventions based on gender differences.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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