Full
Outline
To evaluate the comprehensive intervention effect of lunch for primary and secondary school students in Minhang District, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for lunch intervention in school.
From October to December 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 937 students from one primary and secondary school in Minhang District.A comprehensive intervention measure focusing on "reducing oil and salt" for lunch recipe optimization and nutrition education was carried out, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the intervention effect three months later. Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank test were used to compare the data before and after the intervention.
After intervention, the use of cooking oil and salt, the supply of protein and fat in primary and secondary school lunches were reduced, and had no obvious impact on energy and other major nutrients. After intervention, compared to before intervention, the proportion of primary school students who felt that lunch was greasy decreased (8.9%, 6.2%, χ2=4.35), and the proportion of primary and secondary school students who felt that lunch were delicious decreased significantly (33.2%, 23.2%; 63.9%, 53.5%, χ2=26.39, 17.52) (P < 0.05). Secondary school students also felt reduced variety of food ingredients (46.9%, 38.3%, χ2=16.05, P < 0.05). In addition, after intervention, the total surplus rate of primary school students' meals decreased (7.4%, 4.4%, χ2=5.73), mainly reflected in the decrease of the surplus rate of staple foods (7.1%, 2.4%, χ2=17.39), while the surplus rate of vegetable dishes increased (16.0%, 21.2%, χ2=6.01) (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant change in the total surplus rate of meals for secondary school students, the surplus rate of staple foods decreased (12.9%, 5.4%, χ2=33.52), while the surplus rates of meat and vegetable dishes increased (11.2%, 26.9%; 17.5%, 33.2%, χ2=74.26, 61.88) (P < 0.05). After intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the overweight and obesity rates of primary school students (χ2=0.11, 0.43) and secondary school students (χ2=0.01, 0.00) compared to before intervention(P>0.05). After intervention, the lung capacity of primary school students [1 564 (1 269, 1 890) mL] and sitting forward flexion [11.3 (7.6, 15.2) cm] increased compared to before intervention [1 522 (1 259, 1 819) mL, 10.5 (6.3, 13.5) cm] (Z=2.20, 4.68, P < 0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in lung capacity and sitting forward flexion of secondary school students before and after intervention (Z=-0.46, -0.08, P>0.05).
The comprehensive intervention of school lunch has promoted a significant decrease in the use of oil and salt in lunch and improved the quality of recipes, and has a positive impact on the situation of leftover lunch and the health of students to a certain extent.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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