Full
Outline
To explore the association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18, providing a theoretical foundation and intervention strategies for mental health promotion.
Data were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health, including 98 631 Chinese adolescents aged 13-18. Psychological distress was assessed by using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and mental well-being was measured with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Based on the gender- and age-specific Z-scores of various test items [grip strength, standing long jump, pull-ups (for males), and sit-ups (for females)], muscle strength index (MSI) was constructed to evaluate the comprehensive level of muscle strength in adolescents. According to the Dual-factor Model (DFM) of mental health, participants were categorized into four groups: troubled, symptomatic but content, vulnerable, and complete mental health. Gender differences were analyzed by using Chi-square tests, trends were tested with Cochran-Armitage tests, and multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between muscle strength and mental health among adolescents.
In 2019, 37.4% of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 were reported of high mental distress, and 59.9% were reported of low mental well-being. Boys had significantly lower rates of high mental distress (35.3%) and low mental well-being (55.6%) compared to girls (39.4%, 64.3%), and the differences were of statistical significance (χ2=176.13, 780.42, both P < 0.05). In 2019, the rate of complete mental health among adolescents showed a downward trend with increasing age (χtrend2=258.47) and a gradual upward trend with increasing muscle strength levels (χtrend2=123.14), and both boys and girls exhibited similar trends (χtrend2=103.83, 168.46; 57.00, 67.34) (all P < 0.05). The results of the unordered multiclass Logistic regression model showed that after controlling for confounding factors such as age and gender, when the completely pathological group as a reference, for every 1 unit increase in MSI in adolescents, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 29% (OR=1.29); for every unit increase in the Z-score for pull-ups, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 6% (OR=1.06) among boys; for every 1 unit increase in sit-up Z-score, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 19% (OR=1.19) among girls (all P < 0.05).
The mental health status of Chinese adolescents is not good enough. Muscle strength is positively associated with mental health.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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