Full
Outline
To evaluate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE) of two-dose of the mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) in chidren, so as to provide a basis for optimizing mumps immunization strategies.
A 1∶2 frequency-matched case-control study was conducted by using reported mumps cases in childcare centers or schools from Lu'an, Hefei, Ma'anshan and Huainan cities of Anhui Province from September 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024, as a case group(383 cases). And healthy children in the same classroom were selected as a control group(766 cases). The MuCV immunization histories of participants were collected to estimate the incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV against mumps. Group comparisons were performed using the Chi-square test or t-test. For matched case-control pairs, the Cox regression model was employed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for two-dose MuCV vaccination and to estimate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE).
There were no statistically significant differences between the case and control groups regarding gender, age, dosage of MuCV vaccination and the time interval since the last dose vaccination(χ2/t=0.05, 0.20, 0.94, -0.02, P>0.05). The proportions of the case and control groups vaccinated with two doses of MuCV were 26.63% and 29.37%, respectively, and the overall incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 40.73% (95%CI=3.03%-63.77%, P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the incremental VE for children with a period of ≥1 year between the two doses of MuCV was 54.13% (95%CI=1.90%-78.56%, P < 0.05), while for children with a period of < 1 year, it was 30.63% (95%CI=-28.59%-62.58%, P>0.05). The incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 30.36% (95%CI=-25.95%-61.50%, P>0.05) in kindergarten children and 66.73% (95%CI=14.92%-86.99%, P < 0.05) in elementary and secondary school students. The incremental VE was 28.78% (95%CI=-27.46%-60.21%, P>0.05) within five years of the last dose of MuCV vaccination and 66.07% (95%CI=-41.56%-91.87%, P>0.05) for vaccinations administered beyond five years.
The second dose of MuCV may offer additional protection for children; however, extending the interval between two-dose of MuCV (< 1 year) has shown limited incremental protective effects. Therefore, it is crucial to consider optimizing current immunization strategies for mumps.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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