In recent years, China has witnessed a trend of earlier onset and wider prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Obesity not only elevates the risk of chronic diseases but also adversely impacts mental health and social adaptability in the population. The study analyzes the combined effects of genetic, behavioral, social, and environmental factors on obesity in childhren and adolescents, and proposes a three-tier public health intervention framework:primary prevention targeting risk factor control, secondary prevention with early intervention for at-risk groups, and tertiary prevention employing comprehensive clinical management for severe cases. Guided by the social-ecological model, the authors emphasize a "five-in-one" collaborative approach involving individuals, families, schools, healthcare institutions, as well as communities. Multisectoral cooperation is critical to promoting healthy diets, physical activity, and ultimately curbing the rising trend of obesity in childhren and adolescents to safeguard physical and mental well-being.