To analyze the trajectories of blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) among primary and secondary school students aged 7-17 in Shunyi District of Beijing, and to explore the association between different growth trajectories and visual outcomes, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of common diseases in children and adolescents.

Health examination data (including vision, blood pressure and BMI) of primary and secondary school students in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2019 to 2023 were collected and analyzed. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to classify the trajectories of BMI and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) into distinct groups among students aged 7-17 years. The relationship between these trajectories and visual outcomes was examined using binary Logistic regression analysis.

The prevalence of screening myopia among students in Shunyi District was 57.2%, while the rate of moderate to severe visual impairment was 55.8%. Based on the latent growth model, the trajectories of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were divided into three groups: low-growth trajectory, moderate-growth trajectory and high-maintenance trajectory. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared to the low-growth trajectory group, the moderate-growth and high-maintenance trajectory groups for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were associated with an increased risk of screening myopia (OR=1.14, 1.11; 1.07, 1.19; 1.06, 1.08, P < 0.05). Similarly, the moderate-growth and high-maintenance trajectory groups for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were similarly associated with an increased risk of moderate to severe visual impairment (OR=1.12, 1.12; 1.09, 1.17; 1.08, 1.11, P < 0.05).

Moderate-growth and high-maintenance trajectories of blood pressure and BMI are associated with an increased risk of screening myopia and moderate to severe visual impairment among students. It is recommended to closely monitor changes in blood pressure and overweight/obesity trajectories in primary and secondary school students, conduct regular assessments, and actively prevent the development and progression of multimorbidity and comorbidity.