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Study on Kinematic Characteristics of Sand Particles around Ballasted Beds Based on PIV
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Long SHI1, Lijun SU1, Feng HAN1, Xuening MA1, Zhaorong ZHU2, Shoutu LI3, Xingduo GUO3
China Railway Science | 2026, 47(2) : 1 - 11
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China Railway Science | 2026, 47(2): 1-11
Study on Kinematic Characteristics of Sand Particles around Ballasted Beds Based on PIV
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Long SHI1, Lijun SU1, Feng HAN1, Xuening MA1, Zhaorong ZHU2, Shoutu LI3, Xingduo GUO3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China
  • 2.Engineering Management Consulting Center, China Railway Northwest Scientific Research Institute Co., Ltd., LanzhouGansu730030, China
  • 3.School of Green Energy and Storage, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanzhouGansu730050, China
Published: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.01
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Sand intrusion into ballasted beds seriously threatens their long-term stability and operational safety. Based on wind tunnel experiments and particle image velocimetry (PIV), this study investigated the movement of sand particles around ballasted beds in a wind-sand environment by systematically measuring and analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of particle velocity fields, directional distributions, and flux transport. The results show that, when the wind-sand flow passes through the ballast-rail system, the flow field structure changes significantly, exhibiting clear velocity stratification and flow direction reorganization. The particle motion direction undergoes a typical evolution process of convergence, deflection, chaos, and recovery along the flow path. The directional concentration decreases from 0.959 on the windward side to 0.200 in the inter-rail region, and then rises to 0.639 on the leeward side. The particle flux attenuates by about 48% along the path, while near-surface deposition is significant, with the proportion of downward-moving particles generally exceeding 60% at all measurement positions. The ballasted bed affects wind-sand transport through the combined mechanisms of energy dissipation and screening: energy dissipation continuously weakens the sand-carrying capacity of the airflow, while the screening effect promotes sand deposition within the ballast layer.

Ballasted bed  /  Sand intrusion  /  Wind tunnel test  /  Particle image velocimetry  /  Kinematic characteristics
Long SHI, Lijun SU, Feng HAN, Xuening MA, Zhaorong ZHU, Shoutu LI, Xingduo GUO. Study on Kinematic Characteristics of Sand Particles around Ballasted Beds Based on PIV[J]. China Railway Science, 2026 , 47 (2) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.01
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.01
  • Receive Date：2025-12-26
  • Online Date：2026-06-03
  • Published：2026-03-01
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  • Received：2025-12-26
  • Revised：2026-03-07
Affiliations
    1.School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China
    2.Engineering Management Consulting Center, China Railway Northwest Scientific Research Institute Co., Ltd., LanzhouGansu730030, China
    3.School of Green Energy and Storage, Lanzhou University of Technology, LanzhouGansu730050, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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