中国食品学报

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS法测定苹果及苹果脯中的展青霉素

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张国卿 ¹ , 陈芳 ¹ , 朱雨辰 ¹ , 林孟毅 ¹

中国食品学报 | 分析与检测 2026,26(1): 292-304

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中国食品学报 | 分析与检测 2026, 26(1): 292-304

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS法测定苹果及苹果脯中的展青霉素

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张国卿¹, 陈芳¹, 朱雨辰¹, 林孟毅¹

作者信息

^1.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心北京 100083

Determination of Patulin in Apples and Dried Apple by QuEChERS Combined with Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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出版时间: 2026-01-31 doi: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.026

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本研究旨在开发一种快速、准确且环境友好的检测方法，用于测定苹果及苹果脯中的展青霉素(PAT)。PAT是由扩展青霉产生的真菌毒素，具有致畸、致癌、免疫毒性、神经毒性和遗传毒性等危害。果脯加工过程中可能存在PAT污染的问题，建立高效检测方法对保障食品安全至关重要。传统检测方法操作复杂、耗时长且有机溶剂消耗量大。本研究采用QuEChERS提取技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术，优化提取溶剂(乙腈)、盐析剂(无水硫酸镁和氯化钠)和复溶溶剂(1%乙腈水溶液)的选择，以提高检测效率和灵敏度。通过优化质谱和液相条件，确定了最佳色谱柱(BEH C18)和梯度洗脱程序。方法学验证显示，检出限为0.4 μg/kg，定量限为0.8 μg/kg，线性范围0.1~12.5 μg/L和3.2~400 μg/L，相关系数R2均大于0.999。日内和日间精密度的相对标准偏差均小于5.5%，加标回收率在98%以上，表明该方法准确性和精密度良好。结果表明，QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS方法可有效检测苹果及苹果脯中的PAT，灵敏度和准确性高，并可为其它水果制品的PAT污染控制提供技术支持。此外，研究发现苹果脯加工中的糖煮步骤显著降低了PAT含量，表明高温处理对PAT降解有重要作用。未来可进一步探讨不同加工条件对PAT含量的影响及其在其它食品基质中的应用。

关键词

展青霉素 / 苹果脯 / QuEChERS / 高效液相色谱 / 质谱

Abstract

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This study aims to develop a rapid， accurate， and environmentally friendly detection method for patulin (PAT) in apples and apple products. PAT， a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium expansum， poses significant health risks， including teratogenicity， carcinogenicity， immunotoxicity， neurotoxicity， and genotoxicity. Given the potential for PAT contamination during apple product processing， establishing an efficient detection method is crucial for food safety. Traditional methods are complex， time-consuming， and involve high consumption of organic solvents. In this study， the QuEChERS extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was aolopted， to optimise the selection of extraction solvent (acetonitrile)， salting-out agents (anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride)， and reconstitution solvent (1% acetonitrile in water)， thereby enhancing detection efficiency and sensitivity. The optimal chromatographic conditions were determined using a BEH C18 column with gradient elution. Method validation revealed a limit of detection of 0.4 μg/kg， a limit of quantification of 0.8 μg/kg， and linear ranges of 0.1-12.5 μg/L and 3.2-400 μg/L， with correlation coefficients (R2) exceeding 0.999. The intraday and interday precision， expressed as relative standard deviation， was less than 5.5%， and the recovery rates were above 98%， indicating good accuracy and precision. The results demonstrate that the QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method effectively detects PAT in apples and apple products with high sensitivity and accuracy， and it can be applied to control PAT contamination in other fruit products. Additionally， the study found that the sugar-boiling step in apple product processing significantly reduced PAT levels， suggesting that high-temperature treatment plays an important role in PAT degradation. Future research could further explore the impact of different processing conditions on PAT levels and the application of this method in other food matrices.

Key words

patulin / dried apple / QuEChERS / high-performance liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry

引用本文

张国卿, 陈芳, 朱雨辰, 林孟毅. QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS法测定苹果及苹果脯中的展青霉素. 中国食品学报, 2026 , 26 (1) : 292 -304 . DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.026

. Determination of Patulin in Apples and Dried Apple by QuEChERS Combined with Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2026 , 26 (1) : 292 -304 . DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.026

基金

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“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目
北京市科技计划项目

参考文献

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2026年第26卷第1期

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doi: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.026

接收时间：2025-02-21
首发时间：2026-05-27
出版时间：2026-01-31

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收稿日期：2025-02-21

基金

“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目

北京市科技计划项目

作者信息

^1.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心北京 100083

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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