中国食品学报

干燥方式对羊肚菌多糖结构和免疫调节活性的影响

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韩乐 ¹ , 张莉佳 ¹ , 刘莹 ²,¹ , 刘婧 ¹ , 黄文 ²,¹

中国食品学报 | 加工与制造 2026,26(1): 166-175

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中国食品学报 | 加工与制造 2026, 26(1): 166-175

干燥方式对羊肚菌多糖结构和免疫调节活性的影响

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韩乐¹, 张莉佳¹, 刘莹²,¹, 刘婧¹, 黄文²,¹

作者信息

^1.华中农业大学食品科学技术学院武汉 430070

^2.果蔬加工与品质调控湖北省重点实验室武汉 430070

Effects of Drying Methods on the Structural Characteristics and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Morehella esculenta

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出版时间: 2026-01-31 doi: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.015

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摘要

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为研究干燥方式对羊肚菌中多糖结构和免疫活性的影响，采用热风干燥(HD)和冷冻干燥(FD)对新鲜羊肚菌进行干燥处理，采用大孔吸附树脂柱对两种干燥方式处理后提取的羊肚菌多糖(MEP)进行纯化(HMEP和FMEP)。结果表明，HMEP和FMEP的单糖均由甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成，物质的量比分别为1∶0.34∶0.33和1∶4.50∶0.02。HD处理导致多糖中C—O—C键断裂，促进形成多糖的α-构型。HMEP和FMEP均通过诱导RAW 264.7细胞的吞噬和刺激NO、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的分泌来提高其免疫活性，且在质量浓度为50 μg/mL时，FMEP刺激RAW 264.7细胞分泌NO的量为(35.29±1.25)μmol/L，高于HMEP【(28.05±2.52)μmol/L】和模型组【(32.47±1.30)μmol/L】。在质量浓度为25 μg/mL时，FMEP刺激巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α的量为(289.96±49.00)ng/mL，高于HMEP【(188.56±13.60)ng/mL】和模型组【(97.76±2.00)ng/mL】。表明FMEP的免疫调节活性高于HMEP。综合考量，冷冻干燥工艺更适合制备具有高免疫调节功能的羊肚菌多糖。

关键词

羊肚菌 / 多糖 / 冷冻干燥 / 热风干燥 / 结构 / 免疫活性

Abstract

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To investigate the effects of drying methods on the structure characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides derived from Morchella esculenta， fresh M. esculenta were separately subjected to hot-air drying (HD) and freeze drying (FD). Polysaccharides from M. esculenta (MEP) extracted from the two dried samples were purified by macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography， yielding HD-treated MEP (HMEP) and FD-treated MEP (FMEP). The monosaccharides of HMEP and FMEP were consisted of mannose， glucose and galactose while with different molar ratios of 1∶0.34∶0.33 and 1∶4.50∶0.02， respectively. HD treatment caused the break of C—O—C glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides chains and enhanced the abundance of α-configuration in polysaccharides from M. esculenta. Both HMEP and FMEP improved immunity by inducing phagocytosis and the secretions of NO， TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β of RAW 264.7 cells. At 50 μg/mL， FMEP stimulated RAW 264.7 cells to secrete NO at a level of (35.29±1.25) μmol/L， which was higher than that induced by HMEP [(28.05±2.52) μmol/L] and the model group [(32.47±1.30) μmol/L] at 50 μg/mL. At 25 μg/mL， FMEP stimulated macrophage TNF-α secretion to (289.96±49.00) ng/mL， which was higher than that of HMEP [(188.56±13.60) ng/mL] and the model group [(97.76±2.00) ng/mL]. This indicates that FMEP exhibited higher immunomodulatory activity than HMEP. After comprehensive consideration， freeze drying would be recommended as a suitable drying process for use in the preparation of immunomodulatory polysaccharides from M. esculenta as functional foods.

Key words

Morehella esculenta / polysaccharides / freeze drying / hot air drying / structural characteristics / immunomodulatory activity

引用本文

韩乐, 张莉佳, 刘莹, 刘婧, 黄文. 干燥方式对羊肚菌多糖结构和免疫调节活性的影响. 中国食品学报, 2026 , 26 (1) : 166 -175 . DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.015

. Effects of Drying Methods on the Structural Characteristics and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Morehella esculenta[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2026 , 26 (1) : 166 -175 . DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.015

基金

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湖北省现代农业产业技术体系食用菌产业技术体系项目
湖北省农业科技创新中心农产品加工与综合利用项目

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2026年第26卷第1期

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文章信息

doi: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.015

接收时间：2025-02-13
首发时间：2026-05-27
出版时间：2026-01-31

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收稿日期：2025-02-13

基金

湖北省现代农业产业技术体系食用菌产业技术体系项目

湖北省农业科技创新中心农产品加工与综合利用项目

作者信息

^1.华中农业大学食品科学技术学院武汉 430070

^2.果蔬加工与品质调控湖北省重点实验室武汉 430070

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgspxb/CN/10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.015

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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