中国食品学报

脂肪消化酶特征及其天然活性抑制剂研究进展

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章明春 ¹ , 杜舒梦 ¹ , 刘元法 ² , 叶展 ²,¹

中国食品学报 | 研究进展 2026,26(1): 410-421

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中国食品学报 | 研究进展 2026, 26(1): 410-421

脂肪消化酶特征及其天然活性抑制剂研究进展

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章明春¹, 杜舒梦¹, 刘元法², 叶展²,¹

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^1.江南大学食品学院江苏无锡 214122

^2.食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室江苏无锡 214122

Research Progress on the Characteristics of Food Lipids Digestive Enzymes and the Natural Activity Inhibitors

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出版时间: 2026-01-31 doi: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.036

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脂肪消化酶是一类能够水解酯键酶类的统称，其主要参与脂肪消化、代谢、运输等生理过程，在维持生物体正常生命活动方面发挥着重要作用。舌脂肪酶、胃脂肪酶、胰脂肪酶等是人体水解膳食脂肪的主要脂肪酶，它们通过与乳脂肪液滴特异性结合，水解酯键最终得到游离脂肪酸和甘油，进而被机体吸收利用。通过调控脂肪酶的水解活性，还可实现对膳食脂肪水解过程的调控。本文概述膳食脂肪胃肠道消化过程，总结舌脂肪酶、胃脂肪酶、胰脂肪酶和磷脂酶四大类脂肪消化酶的结构特征以及其对脂肪的水解特性。综述近年来有关脂肪酶天然活性抑制剂的研究进展。本文旨在促进人们对膳食脂肪胃肠道消化过程以及对脂肪消化酶结构和功能特性的了解，为开发脂肪消化酶活性调控天然产物，调节膳食脂肪水解行为，实现相关慢性代谢疾病的预防提供一定的理论参考。

关键词

脂肪消化酶 / 膳食脂肪 / 结构功能 / 水解特性 / 活性抑制剂

Abstract

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The food lipids digesting enzymes are a general term refers to the enzymes that can hydrolyze ester bonds. These enzymes mainly participate in various of physiological processes， such as food lipids digestion， metabolism， and transportation， and play crucial roles in maintaining normal life activities in almost all the organisms. The lipases， including lingual lipase， gastric lipase， pancreatic lipase， etc. are the major lipases species that hydrolyze dietary fats within humans. After being ingested， these enzymes bind specifically to lipid droplets， hydrolyze the ester bonds within the glycerides， and ultimately generate free fatty acids and glycerols， then are absorbed and metabolized. By modulating the hydrolytic activity of lipases， the process of dietary food lipids hydrolysis can also be regulated. In the present review paper， firstly， the gastrointestinal digestion process of dietary food lipids was summarized. Secondly， the structural characteristics of the four major types of fat digesting enzymes， including the lingual lipase， gastric lipase， pancreatic lipase， and phospholipase， were elucidated， moreover， their hydrolysis properties towards dietary food lipids were also concluded. Finally， the research progress regarding the lipases natural activity inhibitors in recent years were also reviewed. The aims of the present review paper are to promote the basic understandings about the gastrointestinal digestion process of dietary food lipids， as well as the structure and functional characteristics of food lipids digestive enzymes. And provide theoretical references for regulating dietary lipids hydrolysis behavior based on the development of the natural products for food lipids digestive enzyme activity regulation， thus achieving the prevention of related chronic metabolic diseases.

Key words

food lipid digestive enzyme / dietary lipid / structural functionality / hydrolytic characteristics / activity inhibitor

引用本文

章明春, 杜舒梦, 刘元法, 叶展. 脂肪消化酶特征及其天然活性抑制剂研究进展. 中国食品学报, 2026 , 26 (1) : 410 -421 . DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.036

. Research Progress on the Characteristics of Food Lipids Digestive Enzymes and the Natural Activity Inhibitors[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2026 , 26 (1) : 410 -421 . DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.036

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目
江苏省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目

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2026年第26卷第1期

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doi: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2026.01.036

接收时间：2025-02-04
首发时间：2026-05-27
出版时间：2026-01-31

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收稿日期：2025-02-04

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国家自然科学基金项目

江苏省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目

作者信息

^1.江南大学食品学院江苏无锡 214122

^2.食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室江苏无锡 214122

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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