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This study aims to investigate the effects of foliar nitrogen fertilizer (FNF) application at different times within the same period after mechanical harvesting of the main crop on the physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of ratoon rice, providing a scientific basis for increasing yield and improving quality of ratoon rice.
After the mechanical harvesting of the main crop, a field split-plot two-factor experiment was conducted in high-fertility (HF) and low-fertility (LF) fields. The main plots were assigned to rolling and non-rolling conditions, while the subplots were assigned to different FNF application times: spraying clean water on the day of harvesting (CK), and spraying FNF at 1 day (D1), 3 days (D3), and 7 days (D7) after harvesting. The physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of ratoon rice were measured to elucidate the effects of foliar nitrogen application timing on yield and quality.
The results showed that FNF significantly increased the SPAD value, dry matter weight, leaf area index, and effective panicle number of ratoon rice. Under both HF and LF conditions, FNF increased yield by 25.6%-82.8% by improving the effective panicle number. In the non-rolling area, no significant differences were observed among different FNF application timings, but all treatments significantly increased effective panicle number by 16.7%-30.6% and yield by 25.6%-36.7% compared to CK. In the rolling area, the yield enhancement effect gradually decreased with delayed FNF application. Under the D1 treatment, the effective panicle number significantly increased by 61.5% and 62.5%, and yield significantly increased by 74.9% and 82.8% under the two fertility conditions, respectively. FNF primarily improved the quality of ratoon rice by increasing the head rice rate and reducing the chalkiness rate. Compared to CK, in the non-rolling area, FNF significantly increased the head rice rate by 9.5%-17.8% and significantly reduced the chalkiness rate by 8.1%-15.3%; in the rolling area, FNF significantly increased the head rice rate by 15.0%-17.9% and significantly reduced the chalkiness rate by 9.2%-15.7%.
Foliar nitrogen fertilizer application after mechanical harvesting of the main crop effectively increases the yield and quality of ratoon rice. In rolling areas, the application timing significantly affects outcomes, with the best results achieved when spraying on the day of harvesting. In non-rolling areas, the application timing has no significant effect, and FNF can be applied within 7 days after harvesting.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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