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This study investigated the effects of different application time and rates of bud-promoting fertilizer on the quality of main crop rice and annual yield of ratoon rice to lay a basis for optimizing nitrogen management in ratoon rice cultivation for the coordination of high yield and high quality.
A field experiment was performed using two rice varieties (Liangyou 6326 and Yongyou 4949), with two application time of bud-promoting fertilizer (early application at heading stage and normal application 15 days after heading) and two rates of fertilizer application (normal nitrogen rate of 75 kg/hm2 and reduced nitrogen rate of 30 kg/hm2), to examine the growth of ratoon buds, dry matter accumulation, grain filling characteristics of the main crop, yield and rice quality.
When applied at the normal time, the reduced rate led to a decrease in both ratoon and annual yields for both varieties, primarily due to reduced panicle number per unit area in the ratoon crop. Under early application with reduced rate, the effective panicle number and both ratoon and annual yields showed no significant differences compared to the normal application practice of bud-promoting fertilizer. Compared to the normal application practice, early application with reduced application rate of bud-promoting fertilizer lowered the grain filling rate in the main crop of both varieties, extended the active grain filling period of superior spikelets, increased the head rice percentage, decreased the percentage of chalky grains and chalkiness, and improved the appearance and processing quality of main crop rice. However, early application with the normal (high) rate of bud-promoting fertilizer resulted in a decrease in amylose content in Liangyou 6326, an increase in grain protein content, and a decline in cooking quality.
Early application with reduced rate of bud-promoting fertilizer enhanced the main-crop rice quality and obtained a similar annual yield as that under the normal application of bud-promoting fertilizer in two varieties. Therefore, optimizing application time and rate of bud-promoting fertilizer according to variety may synergistically improve main-crop rice quality and achieve high annual yield in ratoon rice production.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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