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Outline
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction module in eukaryotes, playing a central role in plant growth and development, stress responses, and immune defense. As a globally significant food crop and a model monocot plant, rice directly links yield and quality improvements to food security. Recent studies have extensively revealed that genes of the rice MAPK family play crucial roles in grain shape and grain number formation, anther and embryo development, hormone signaling regulation, disease resistance, and adaptation to abiotic stress. This review systematically summarizes the classification and structural characteristics of the rice MAPK family, outlines recent research advances in its roles during growth and development, hormone signaling transduction, disease immunity, and stress responses, and summarizes the key identified MAPK cascade pathways and their regulatory mechanisms. This work provides a reference for further elucidating the rice MAPK signaling network and lays a theoretical foundation for molecular design breeding to enhance rice yield and stress tolerance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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